“…Urban ecological security has been attracting the attention of scholars in relevant fields, including urban ecological security evaluation (Xie and Li, 2004;Zhou and Wang, 2005;Li et al, 2019;Ke et al, 2021;Wen and Hou, 2021;Cheng et al, 2022) and pattern (Peng et al, 2017;Peng and Zhou, 2019;Gao et al, 2020;Lu et al, 2021;Nie et al, 2021;Wang S. et al, 2021;Gao et al, 2022;Gou et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Wei et al, 2022), "anti-planning" (Yu et al, 2005(Yu et al, , 2009, and ecological infrastructure planning (Tubridy, 2020;Romero-Duque et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2022). Among them, the ecological security pattern (ESP), which uses the principles and methods of landscape ecology and geographic information system (GIS) technology to quantitatively describe the landscape structure in space, shows strong application potential in the field of urban planning.…”