Research on Urban Road Congestion Pricing Strategy Considering Carbon Dioxide Emissions

With the rapid rural urbanization and new rural construction in China, tremendous changes are occurring in rural built environments and rural household vehicle ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationship between rural built environments and rural household vehicle ownership. In this study, a questionnaire survey of 374 rural households was conducted and the built environment data of seven typical villages in rural Sichuan were collected using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and on-site measurement. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the rural built environment and rural household vehicle ownership in China through a multinomial logit (MNL) model. Results show that household structure attributes have the most significant relationship with vehicle ownership, followed by rural built environment attributes and the respondents' driving skills. In the process of urbanization, with increases in building density, road density, and destination accessibility, an increase in high-carbon vehicle ownership is an inevitable trend among rural households. However, low-carbon-oriented rural planning can effectively control the increase in high-carbon vehicle ownership. For example, the distance between rural households and important destinations, such as hospitals, schools, and markets, should be shortened and rural residents should be encouraged to learn to ride bicycles. Moreover, rural residents riding motorcycles can effectively reduce household car ownership.

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Rural Built Environment and Household Vehicle Ownership: An Empirical Analysis in Rural Sichuan, China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2018

“…With the economic development in big cities and the explosion of population, the number of vehicles has been increasing rapidly, and thus traffic congestion has been a severe problem that is faced by travelers in metropolis every day [1][2][3][4]. Recently, ridesharing is a hot topic and regarded as an effective way to reduce traffic congestion on roads and raise road network efficiency without new network infrastructures [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Modal Route Choice Model with Ridesharing and Public Transit

Hua

Huang

2018

With the extensive use of smart-phone applications and online payment systems, more travelers choose to participate in ridesharing activities. In this paper, a multi-modal route choice model is proposed by incorporating ridesharing and public transit in a single-origin-destination (OD)-pair network. Due to the presence of ridesharing, travelers not only choose routes (including main road and side road), but also decide travel modes (including solo driver, ridesharing driver, ridesharing passenger, and transit passenger) to minimize travelers’ generalized travel cost (not their actual travel cost due to the existence of car capacity constraints). The proposed model is expressed as an equivalent complementarity problem. Finally, the impacts of key factors on ridesharing behavior in numerical examples are discussed. The equilibrium results show that passengers’ rewards and toll charge of solo drivers on main road significantly affect the travelers’ route and mode choice behavior, and an increase of passengers’ rewards (toll) motivates (forces) more travelers to take environmentally friendly travel modes.

“…In fact, it is an effective tool for travel demand management (TDM) and it can increase revenues. Congestion pricing strategy has been recognized as an effective countermeasure in the practical field of urban traffic congestion mitigation [2]. Congestion pricing was first suggested by Pigou [3] through the investigation of a congested road and the expression of some ideas about externalities and optimal congestion charges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Model for a Cordon Pricing Scheme Considering Environmental Equity: A Case Study of Tehran

Zargari

Abdolmanafi

2016

Congestion pricing strategy has been recognized as an effective countermeasure in the practical field of urban traffic congestion mitigation. Despite the positive effects of congestion pricing, its implementation has faced problems. This paper investigates the issue of environmental equity in cordon pricing and a park-and-ride scheme. Although pollution decreases inside the cordon by implementation of cordon pricing, air pollutants emission may increase in some links and in the whole network. Therefore, an increase in air emissions in the network means more emission outside the cordon. In fact, due to the implementation of this policy, air pollutants emission may transfer from inside to outside the cordon, creating a type of environmental inequity. To reduce this inequity, a bi-level optimization model with an equity constraint is developed. The proposed solution algorithm based on the second version of the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) is applied to the city network in Tehran. The results revealed that it seems reasonable to consider environmental equity as an objective function in cordon pricing. In addition, we can create a sustainable situation for the transportation system by improving environmental inequity with a relatively low reduction in social welfare. Moreover, there are environmental inequity impacts in real networks, which should be considered in the cordon pricing scheme.