Research on wastewater reuse planning in Beijing central region

Abstract

The need to implement wastewater reuse in Beijing is discussed. Based on the investigation of the built wastewater reuse projects in Beijing, the differences between small wastewater reuse system and large systems were analyzed according to the technical, economical and social issues. The advantages and disadvantages of the small system and the large system were then given. In wastewater reuse planning in Beijing urban region, the large system was adopted. The rations of reclaimed water for difference land use type, including industrial reuse, municipal reuse, grass irrigation, and scenes water reuse were determined. Then according to the land use information in every block in central Beijing, using GIS techniques, the amounts of the reclaimed water needed in every block were calculated, and the main pipe system of reclaimed water was planned.

The Economics of Sustainable Urban Water Management: the Case of Beijing

“…All of the technological measures for developing alternative water resources, such as wastewater reuse, rainwater harvesting or transferring water from another source to the city, have been applied in Chinese cities (Bao and Fang 2007;Deng and Chen 2003;Jia et al 2005;Zuo et al 2010). The following sections offer details of wastewater reuse and rainwater harvesting.…”

“…Generally decentralized wastewater reuse systems have small capacity and scales. Until 2002, in the central region of Beijing, there were more than 154 small wastewater reuse systems (Jia et al 2005). Although decentralized water treatment systems have developed in some cities, they are still at the early stage in developing areas.…”

“…Although investments in technological measures for water saving exists and many engineers are working on these measures, issues of economical, environmental and social feasibility of these new systems are less often discussed in the literature (Jia et al 2005;Zuo et al 2010). In terms of content, existing literature concerned with economic study of water cycles could be classified by five issues: 1) cost studies (Abeysuriya et al 2005;Gratziou et al 2005;Maurer et al 2006); 2) benefit analysis (Birol et al 2005;Psychoudakis et al 2005); 3) tariff structure and price analysis (Kim 1995;Renzetti 1999;Renzetti and Kushner 2000;Rogers et al 2002;Seppala and Katko 2003;Singh et al 2005); 4) water demand analysis (Arbues et al 2003) and 5) financing issues (Almagro 2005;Nigam and Rasheed 1998).…”

“…The study of Jia et al (2005) who carried out the analysis of the wastewater reuse in Beijing through the Geographic Information System (GIS) method also found that large wastewater reuse systems are more suitable for the Beijing central region. Table 3.10 presents the average environmental costs and benefits and the average social costs and benefits of the decentralized wastewater reuse systems and centralized wastewater reuse systems.…”

“…Some carry out the comparison between centralized and decentralized water treatment sys-tems from the point of view of technology (Norton 2009;Wilderer and Schreff 2000), and others make the comparison from the perspective of cost (Fane et al 2002;Gratziou et al 2005;Jia et al 2005;Wang et al 2008). Rarely centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse systems are compared from the perspectives of economics.…”