Research progress in high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

“…As a prominent example, the Mn-rich LiMn2-xNixO4 electrodes [292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299], which consist primarily of Mn 4+ , should not succumb to such undesirable interactions with electrolytes. Substitution of Mn with Ni, as opposed to other transition metals, has been met favourably due to good cycling stability, access to the Ni 4+/3+ redox couple below 4.9 V and the appearance of only one distinct plateau in the voltage profile (~4.7 V), compared to a bi-plateauing afforded by other transition metals [299]. In particular, 5 V spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 electrodes have attracted considerable attention in recent times and are reviewed in some detail by Santhanam and Rambabu [299].…”

“…Substitution of Mn with Ni, as opposed to other transition metals, has been met favourably due to good cycling stability, access to the Ni 4+/3+ redox couple below 4.9 V and the appearance of only one distinct plateau in the voltage profile (~4.7 V), compared to a bi-plateauing afforded by other transition metals [299]. In particular, 5 V spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 electrodes have attracted considerable attention in recent times and are reviewed in some detail by Santhanam and Rambabu [299]. A few drawbacks of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 electrodes, however, mar their application: The formation of an impurity phase LixNi1-xO seemingly worsens electrochemical performance over time and while accessible, the Ni 4+/3+ redox couple falls at potentials where electrolyte decomposition is prevalent.…”

Optimized conditions for glycine-nitrate-based solution combustion synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as a high-voltage cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

“…Therefore, LIBs using LNMO as positive electrode are expected to provide higher power/energy density. [1,2] As the electrochemical properties of an electrode are determined by the phase, purity, structure, size, and morphology of the material, a number of efforts have been devoted to develop synthetic routes to obtain high-purity LNMO with optimized microstructures and suitable size that enable an improved performance. Generally, different preparation methods, such as the solid state method [3], coprecipitation method [4][5][6][7], sol-gel preparation [8,9], the molten salt method [10], hydrothermal synthesis [11] and others, have been used to produce LNMO with different morphologies and particle sizes ranging from nanometers to microns.…”

Nonstoichiometric Li1±x Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 with different structures and electrochemical properties

“…LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 spinel exhibits a voltage of about 4.7 V [1][2][3][4], which is higher than other electrode materials like LiMn 2 O 4 (4 V [5]), LiCoO 2 (4 V [6]) and LiFePO 4 (3.4 V [7]). In the past decade, many methods have been used to synthesize this high voltage material, including solid-state reactions [8][9][10], sol-gel processes [11,12], and co-precipitation [13,14]. The properties of the synthesized LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 samples are strongly influenced by the synthetic method.…”

“…The properties of the synthesized LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 samples are strongly influenced by the synthetic method. Samples typically contain Li x Ni 1-x O 2 as an impurity in the products, especially those produced by solid-state methods [8][9][10], and this secondary phase is formed because of oxygen loss at high temperatures. In addition, the oxygen loss reaction results in the generation of Mn 3+ ions which can further deteriorate the electrochemical performance.…”