Research Progress of Basic Catalyst Used in Catalytic Cracking for Olefin Production and Heavy Oil Utilization

Abstract

As the demand for light olefins increases and the oil becomes heavier, higher requirements for catalytic activity, anticoking performance, and stability of catalyst have been brought forward. Basic catalyst has attracted much more attention in recent years due to its excellent performance in heavy oil utilization. This review highlights the research progress of catalytic cracking over basic catalyst for olefin production and heavy oil utilization. The catalytic mechanism along with attractive functions of basic catalyst are summarized. The optimized condition of operation is discussed as well. Several processes and technologies of catalytic cracking over basic catalyst are introduced to advance future development. This review attempts to benefit new researchers in this field by helping them to understand basic-catalyzed cracking characteristics for preparing a suitable catalyst.

From bench to industry, the application of all-inorganic solid base materials in traditional heterogeneous catalysis: a mini review

“…2 Categories of all-inorganic solid base catalysts Different types of solid base catalysts and various basic sites generate different effects in multiple ne chemical processes and rening processes. 13,[21][22][23] These solid base catalysts range from single-component oxides to complex-component oxides and even zeolites. The most accepted denitions of solid surface acids and bases by researchers are those proposed by Brønsted and Lewis, where a Brønsted base is dened as the opposite of a Brønsted acid, namely, a substance that can take protons from reactants; a Lewis base is an electron donor that gives electron pairs.…”

Recent advances, challenges and functional applications of antifreeze protein in food industry

“…The difference is that Bar-Dolev et al (2012) proposed a new idea about ice crystal modification, suggesting that the crystal shape can be formed during the melting process, which they proved by showing that all corners of the bipramid disappeared during the melting process and the longitudinal tip contracted along the c-axis direction, forming a shape similar to the eye. In the presence of highly active TmAFP, when the temperature is close to the equilibrium melting temperature, the ice crystal melts in the prism direction, the basal plane shrinks and finally forms a lemon shape (Gao et al, 2023).…”

“…Adding antifreeze to frozen food can reduce the freezing point, inhibit the growth of ice crystals, prevent or reduce quality deterioration during frozen storage and prolong the storage life of frozen products (Shi et al, 2022). Antifreeze protein (AFP) was first found in the blood of Antarctic fish in 1969, which was a biological antifreeze agen (Gao et al, 2023). AFPs are specific proteins, glycopeptides or peptides produced by different organisms, which can protect organisms from freezing injury below zero.…”

Effect of Reactor Alloy Composition on Coke Formation during Butane and Ethane Steam Cracking

“…39,40 However, most efforts in cracking of butane have been directed at catalytic cracking over, mainly various types of zeolites. 41,42 For example, Xiaoning et al 43 and Mier et al 44 studied the cracking of butane in the presence of an HZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed bed quartz reactor in the temperature range 400−650 °C. However, the main drawback of this work was the deactivation of the catalyst by coke.…”

“…On the other hand, the type of feedstock used is one of the key factors that can affect the formation of coke. With ethane being scarce in some regions of the world, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of higher-boiling-point feedstocks such as butane in Europe and the Middle East, which has the potency of being a valuable feedstock for the production of light olefins. , However, most efforts in cracking of butane have been directed at catalytic cracking over, mainly various types of zeolites. , For example, Xiaoning et al and Mier et al studied the cracking of butane in the presence of an HZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed bed quartz reactor in the temperature range 400–650 °C. However, the main drawback of this work was the deactivation of the catalyst by coke.…”