Research Progress of Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole Derivatives in the Discovery of Agricultural Chemicals

Abstract

Benzoxazole and benzothiazole have a broad spectrum of agricultural biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and herbicidal activities, which are important fused heterocyclic scaffold structures in agrochemical discovery. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles, especially in the development of herbicides and insecticides. With the widespread use of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles, there may be more new products containing benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles in the future. We systematically reviewed the application of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles in discovering new agrochemicals in the past two decades and summarized the antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral, herbicidal, and insecticidal activities of the active compounds. We also discussed the structural–activity relationship and mechanism of the active compounds. This work aims to provide inspiration and ideas for the discovery of new agrochemicals based on benzoxazole and benzothiazole.

Exploring theophylline-1,2,4-triazole tethered N-phenylacetamide derivatives as antimicrobial agents: unraveling mechanisms via structure-activity relationship, in vitro validation, and in silico insights

“…Due to their substantial applications across industries, including biological, agricultural, medicinal and pharmacological fields, chemists have drawn their attention to various heterocyclic scaffolds, such as piperazines (Halimehjani et al, 2022), benzoxazole, benzothiazole (Zou et al, 2023), heterocyclic sulfonamides (Apiraksattayakul et al, 2022), benzofurans (Farhat et al, 2022), benzimidazoles (Nardi et al, 2023), thiadiazoles (Janowska et al, 2020), pyarzoles (Nazeer et al, 2023), lamivudines (Henriquez-Camacho et al, 2023), ciprofloxacin-based acetanilides (Zhang et al, 2018), triazoles (Irfan et al, 2024), quinoxalines (Montana et al, 2019), and oxadiazoles (Kerru et al, 2020;Irfan et al, 2022;Irfan et al, 2023). Notably, theophylline (Shahzadi et al, 2020;Shahzadi et al, 2022a), a naturally occurring methylxanthine, has found frequent therapeutic use in treating conditions such as asthma, respiratory deficits in premature infants, and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD).…”