Research progress of CpG-DNA in regulation of immune system and signal pathway

Abstract

CpG-DNA is a DNA sequence with immunostimulatory function as the core of unmethylated CpG motif. It includes synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs and genomic DNA of lower organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and invertebrates. CpG-DNA as a potential immunostimulatory factor can be recognized by the vertebrate natural immune system, rapid activation of natural immune response. It can trigger a protective immune response to remove foreign pathogens. CpG-DNA activated cell signaling mechanisms include endocytosis of CpG-DNA, specificity with Toll-like receptor 9 and a series of signal cascades that induce the expression of target genes and Feedback by various endogenous factors. This paper reviews the basic concepts of CpG-DNA, the characteristics of TLR9 receptors, the regulation of the immune system and its signaling pathways.