Research progress of enhancing battery safety with phase change materials

Chen, Mingyi; Yu, Yue; Ouyang, Dongxu; Weng, Jingwen; Zhao, Luyao; Wang, Jian; Chen, Yin

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113921

Cited by 35 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Over the past few years, there has been a concerted effort to mitigate PCM flammability. Chen, et al [48] suggested that one of the solutions might lie in the incorporation of polymers and nanomaterials to improve PCMs' structural stability and mechanical properties. This approach includes the addition of flame retardants into PCMs, as well as the encapsulation of PCMs with flame-retardant shells or coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Wang,

Leong

2024

Energies

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The significant amount of heat generated during the discharge process of a lithium-ion battery can lead to battery overheat, potential damage, and even fire hazards. The optimal operating temperature of a battery ranges from 25 °C to 45 °C. Hence, battery thermal management cooling techniques are crucial for controlling battery temperature. In this work, the cooling of 21700 lithium-ion batteries during their discharging processes using phase-change materials (PCMs) and porous pure copper foams were simulated. The effects of discharge intensities, battery orientations, and battery arrangements were investigated by observing the changes in temperature distributions. Based on current simulations for a 2C discharge, air-cooled vertical batteries arranged in unidirectional configuration exhibit an increase in heat dissipation by 44% in comparison to the horizontal batteries. This leads to a decrease in the maximum battery temperature by about 10 °C. The use of either PCMs or copper foams can effectively cool the batteries. Regardless of the battery orientation, the maximum battery temperature during a 2C discharge drops dramatically from approximately 90 °C when air-cooled to roughly 40 °C when the air is replaced by PCM cooling or when inserted with a copper foam of 0.9 porosity. If the PCM/copper foam approach is implemented, this maximum temperature further decreases to slightly above 30 °C. Although not very significant, it has been discovered that crossover arrangement slightly reduces the maximum temperature by no more than 1 °C. When a pure copper foam with a porosity ranging from 0.90 to 0.97 is saturated with a PCM, the excellent thermal conductivity of pure copper, combined with the PCM latent heat absorption, can best help maintain the battery pack within its range of optimal operating temperatures. If the porosity of the copper foam decreases from 0.95 to 0.5, the volumetric average temperature of the batteries may increase from 30 °C to 31 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Wang,

Leong

2024

Energies

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“…Furthermore, when a battery experiences thermal runaway, the PCM surrounding the battery can easily ignite and exacerbate the propagation of thermal runaway [32]. To mitigate this issue, many experiments have been conducted to enhance the flame retardancy of PCMs by adding flame retardants [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Polyethylene Glycol-Based Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials in the Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Gong,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Composite phase change materials commonly exhibit drawbacks, such as low thermal conductivity, flammability, and potential leakage. This study focuses on the development of a novel flame-retardant phase change material (RPCM). The material’s characteristics and its application in the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries are investigated. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) serves as the medium for phase change; expanded graphite (EG) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are incorporated. Moreover, an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is constructed, aided by the inclusion of bio-based flame-retardant chitosan (CS) and barium phytate (PA-Ba), which can improve the flame retardancy of the material. Experimental results demonstrate that the RPCM, containing 15% IFR content, exhibits outstanding flame retardancy, achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating in vertical combustion tests. Moreover, the material exhibits excellent thermomechanical properties and thermal stability. Notably, the material’s thermal conductivity is 558% higher than that of pure PEG. After 2C and 3C high-rate discharge cycles, the highest temperature reached by the battery module cooled with RPCM is 18.71 °C lower than that of natural air-cooling; the material significantly reduces the temperature difference within the module by 62.7%, which achieves efficient and safe thermal management.

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What role does the safety valve play in the safety of lithium-ion cells? Part II. Cells with various states of health and formats

Ouyang,

Pang,

Huang

et al. 2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Research progress of enhancing battery safety with phase change materials

Cited by 35 publications

References 160 publications

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Application of Polyethylene Glycol-Based Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials in the Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

What role does the safety valve play in the safety of lithium-ion cells? Part II. Cells with various states of health and formats

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