Research Progress of Flavonoids Regulating Endothelial Function

Abstract

The endothelium, as the guardian of vascular homeostasis, is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As an early marker of the development of a series of vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Natural flavonoids in fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to induce and regulate endothelial cells and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-aging effects in a large number of in vitro models and in vivo experiments so as to achieve the prevention and improvement of cardiovascular disease. Focusing on endothelial mediation, this paper introduces the signaling pathways involved in the improvement of endothelial dysfunction by common dietary and flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine and describes them based on their metabolism in the human body and their relationship with the intestinal flora. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the broad pharmacological activity and target development potential of flavonoids as food supplements and drug components in regulating endothelial function and thus in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This paper also introduces the application of some new nanoparticle carriers in order to improve their bioavailability in the human body and play a broader role in vascular protection.

The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

“…The anti-inflammatory property is exhibited by suppressing the TNF-α-induced expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, and the IKBα/NF-kB pathway. Also, another lutein form can inhibit the JAK/STAT3 pathway, thereby inhibiting IL-1β [ 115 , 116 ]. Extra virgin olive oil is composed not only of MUFA but also has in its composition more than 30 polyphenols, and the most active is hydroxytyrosol (HT).…”

“…-suppresses TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM-1, IKBα/NF-kB pathway -inhibits the JAK/STAT3 pathway, IL-1β [115,116]…”

Advances in Flavonoid Research: Sources, Biological Activities, and Developmental Prospectives

“…When it comes to controlling endothelium function and preventing and treating cardiovascular illnesses, flavonoids exhibit strong pharmacological action and promise as dietary supplements and pharmaceutical ingredients [145]. Higher dietary intakes of flavonoids may be beneficial to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [146].…”

Unveiling the Chemical Composition and Biofunctionality of Hericium spp. Fungi: A Comprehensive Overview

“…Yang et al identified about 102 compounds from the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus , including organic acids, nucleotides and analogues, amino acids, carbohydrates and derivatives, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoid, and steroids [ 29 ]. The authors further suggested that flavonoids which were qualitatively detected in the analysis (luteolin, apigenin, diosmetin, hispidulin, and acacetin) could function as active components in H. erinaceus based on previous studies which demonstrated flavonoids’ pharmacological functions which include neuroprotection, improved learning and memory, anti-inflammatory, and more [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Of note, in a study by He et al, two isoflavones were identified and isolated in H. erinaceus mycelium: genistein and daidzein, comprising 15% and 12% of the ethanolic extract, respectively [ 33 ].…”