Research Progress of Gas Sensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives: A Review

Tian, Wenchao; Liu, Xiaohan; Yu, Wenbo

doi:10.3390/app8071118

Cited by 188 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Essentially, gases like NH 3 and H 2 are electron donor so that a charge transfer occurs when these molecules adsorb on the CNTs and graphene thus modifying their conductance increasing their resistivity. In contrast, electron acceptor gas molecules such as NO 2 and O 2 induce a resistance decrease [318][319][320]. Measuring the change of the resistivity, a qualitative and quantitative information about the gas is obtained.…”

Section: Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functionalization of these carbon nanostructures is utilized to attach metal nanoparticles like Pt, Ag, Au, Al, Cu, Sn, Pd which enable selective sensing of gases like H 2 , NH 3 , NO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, and CO [321][322][323][324] and their oxides [325][326][327][328][329]. More information about CNTs, graphene gas sensors may be found in [318,320,330]. Mixed fullerenes CNTs hybrids were utilized to fabricate a gas diffusion electrode for the production of H 2 O 2 with a production rate of 4834.57 mg·L −1 h −1 [331].…”

Section: Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

Speranza

2019

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The carbon-based materials (CbMs) refer to a class of substances in which the carbon atoms can assume different hybridization states (sp 1 , sp 2 , sp 3 ) leading to different allotropic structures -. In these substances, the carbon atoms can form robust covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or with a vast class of metallic and non-metallic elements, giving rise to an enormous number of compounds from small molecules to long chains to solids. This is one of the reasons why the carbon chemistry is at the basis of the organic chemistry and the biochemistry from which life on earth was born. In this context, the surface chemistry assumes a substantial role dictating the physical and chemical properties of the carbon-based materials. Different functionalities are obtained by bonding carbon atoms with heteroatoms (mainly oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) determining a certain reactivity of the compound which otherwise is rather weak. This holds for classic materials such as the diamond, the graphite, the carbon black and the porous carbon but functionalization is widely applied also to the carbon nanostructures which came at play mainly in the last two decades. As a matter of fact, nowadays, in addition to fabrication of nano and porous structures, the functionalization of CbMs is at the basis of a number of applications as catalysis, energy conversion, sensing, biomedicine, adsorption etc. This work is dedicated to the modification of the surface chemistry reviewing the different approaches also considering the different macro and nano allotropic forms of carbon.C 2019, 5, 84 3 of 45 narrow graphite-like interconnected layers. This leads to a closed pore rigid structure that is chemically inert, hard but brittle [48][49][50].Due to the highly resistant, conductive, and inert network, glassy carbons are utilized in a series of rather different applications. They are utilized as electrodes in solid state batteries and in industrial harsh chemical processes where also high temperatures are involved such as crystallization of CaF2, CdS and ZnS. Glassy carbon can be utilized to manufacture high temperature furnace elements. Due to the chemical inertness, glassy carbons are utilized also in fabrication of protheses. Porous carbon and carbon black are much softer. Generally, in industrial applications important is the extension of the surface which is exposed to the external environment. The porous carbon is characterized by a high specific surface area enhancing the interaction with the external medium. Although it possesses a lower conductivity with respect to glassy carbon, the high porosity and the presence of active sites makes it a good material to fabricate electrodes for applications in electrochemistry [51][52][53] and bioelectrodes for sensing and stimulation [54,55].The same holds for the carbon black mainly utilized as additive in rubbers and polymers to improve their mechanical properties, or as a pigment [56] although new potentialities have been recently envisaged [57].Common to all the forms of carbon which are bri...

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Section: Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

Speranza

2019

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“…(1)(2)(3) Gas sensors specifically have been used to monitor the quality of air and the environment, and to detect toxic gases. (4,5) The first commercially available gas sensor based on a platinum wire was introduced in 1923. It was Naoyoshi Taguchi who patented the first metal oxide gas sensor that later became the most commonly used gas sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based Materials in Gas Sensor Applications: A Review

Demon¹,

Kamisan²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2020

Sensors and Materials

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Graphene and chemically modified graphene can be fabricated via numerous routes each with its own merits concerning ease of processability, cost-effectiveness for large-scale production, and also health and safety. One of the promising applications of graphene-based composites is gas sensing, which is mainly useful for environmental monitoring. We review some of the significant findings on graphene-based sensing materials for the detection of organic vapors, toxic gases, and chemical warfare agent simulants using an electrochemical method. Electrochemical sensing can be performed by inducing interactions between gas molecules and a graphene layer, such as charge transfer that gives a change in an electrical signal. The intrinsic properties of graphene and its role in some gas sensing applications will be discussed. Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) work as continuous conductive networks with a large number of surface adsorption sites for many gas molecules. Hybrid graphene devices incorporate semiconductors, metals, and molecular binders to enhance the capabilities of solidstate gas sensors. This article also addresses current approaches to the commercialization of graphene-based gas sensors.

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“…[ 3–5 ] Many applications have been explored, and more are under study, in which active graphene sensors are used to transduce the physical property of interest into an electrical signal. Prominent examples include biochemical sensors, [ 6–8 ] gas sensors, [ 9,10 ] pH sensors, [ 11,12 ] ion sensors, [ 13 ] or transducers of electrical potential for neural interfaces. [ 14–17 ] The latter, has recently attracted increasing attention due to the potential of graphene solution‐gated field‐effect transistors (g‐SGFETs) to record infra‐slow [ 18 ] brain activity with a high spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion‐Free Sensing of Neural Activity Using Graphene Transistors

Garcia‐Cortadella

Masvidal‐Codina

Cruz

et al. 2020

Small

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Graphene has attracted much attention for its application on sensing due to its high carrier mobility, [1] chemical stability, [2] high stretchability, [3] and transparency. [3][4][5] Many applications have been explored, and more are under study, in which active graphene sensors are used to transduce the physical property of Graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (g-SGFETs) are promising sensing devices to transduce electrochemical potential signals in an electrolyte bath. However, distortion mechanisms in g-SGFET, which can affect signals of large amplitude or high frequency, have not been evaluated. Here, a detailed characterization and modeling of the harmonic distortion and nonideal frequency response in g-SGFETs is presented. This accurate description of the input-output relation of the g-SGFETs allows to define the voltageand frequency-dependent transfer functions, which can be used to correct distortions in the transduced signals. The effect of signal distortion and its subsequent calibration are shown for different types of electrophysiological signals, spanning from large amplitude and low frequency cortical spreading depression events to low amplitude and high frequency action potentials. The thorough description of the distortion mechanisms presented in this article demonstrates that g-SGFETs can be used as distortion-free signal transducers not only for neural sensing, but also for a broader range of applications in which g-SGFET sensors are used.

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Research Progress of Gas Sensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives: A Review

Cited by 188 publications

References 83 publications

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

Graphene-based Materials in Gas Sensor Applications: A Review

Distortion‐Free Sensing of Neural Activity Using Graphene Transistors

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