Research progress of indole compounds with potential antidiabetic activity

Zhu, Yuqian; Zhao, Jinran; Luo, Liu; Gao, Yang; He, Bei-Bei; Li, Pengfei; Zhang, Hailong

doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113665

Cited by 83 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Indole derivatives are produced from tryptophan by the gut microflora ( 33 ). In the recent years, indole derivatives have exhibited anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects ( 68 ). Evidence shows that indole derivatives were able to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 from L cells ( 32 ).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Altered In T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence shows that indole derivatives were able to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 from L cells ( 32 ). Various indole derivatives have been synthesized to investigate their bioactivities and biological functions ( 68 ). Microbe-specific indoles, such as indole 3-propionic acid, were found to regulate mucosal integrity through activating the xenobiotic sensor, pregnane X receptor, to downregulate enterocyte TNF-α expression and upregulate junctional protein expression ( 36 ).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Altered In T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites

et al. 2022

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The current research and existing facts indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and disturbed microbial metabolites. Oral glucose-lowering drugs are reported with pleiotropic beneficial effects, including not only a decrease in glucose level but also weight loss, antihypertension, anti-inflammation, and cardiovascular protection, but the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Evidence can be found showing that oral glucose-lowering drugs might modify the gut microbiome and thereby alter gastrointestinal metabolites to improve host health. Although the connections among gut microbial communities, microbial metabolites, and T2DM are complex, figuring out how antidiabetic agents shape the gut microbiome is vital for optimizing the treatment, meaningful for the instruction for probiotic therapy and gut microbiota transplantation in T2DM. In this review, we focused on the literatures in gut microbiota and its metabolite profile alterations beneficial from oral antidiabetic drugs, trying to provide implications for future study in the developing field of these drugs, such as combination therapies, pre- and probiotics intervention in T2DM, and subjects with pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Altered In T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Altered In T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites

et al. 2022

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“…Vinpocetine, the synthetic analog of Vincamine, was used to treat cerebrovascular disorders. [4][5][6] Several synthetic indole-containing molecules have been reported as potent antimicrobial, [7] antiviral, [8] analgesic, antiinflammatory, [9] antidepressant, anticonvulsant, [10] antitubercular, [11] anticancer, [12] antihypertensive, [13] antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, [14] antidiabetic agents, [15] etc. Structures of several small-molecule indole-based drugs with their pharmacological activities are given in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Indole‐Pyrazole Hybrids

et al. 2022

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Indole and pyrazole are two important scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry. Compounds bearing indole and/or pyrazole moiety have been extensively investigated for a wide range of biological applications. Of them, compounds containing both indole and pyrazole moieties (also termed as indole‐pyrazole hybrids) are of particular interest since synergistic pharmacological activities may be gained comparing to those with each individual pharmacophore. Indole‐pyrazole hybrids can be classified into two general classes of direct‐linked hybrids and spacer‐linked hybrids. For each class, it can be sub‐divided into indole‐C2 pyrazole hybrids, indole‐C3 pyrazole hybrids and indole‐C4/5/6/7 pyrazole hybrids based on the substitution position of pyrazole on the indole moiety. Many types of indole‐pyrazole hybrids have been reported with good antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant activities etc. However, no papers have been noted to comprehensively summarize the chemical synthesis of these important indole‐pyrazole hybrids as bioactive compounds except for a few reviews focusing on the synthesis of each individual indole‐ and pyrazole‐containing derivatives. Thus, we here present a comprehensive and updated review focusing on the progress of chemical synthesis of all types of indole‐pyrazole hybrids in order to provide a better understanding of the indole‐pyrazole hybrids to researchers in the fields of synthetic chemistry and to facilitating drug development.

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“…As a class of heterocyclic compounds, indoles are extensively applied in the production of bioactive and pharmacologically active compounds that are closely related to people's life and health [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. 3-Methylindole, an important member of indoles, is widely used in many fields, especially in medicine to synthesize antibiotics, analgesics, antidiuretics, stimulants, anticancer drugs, blood pressure-lowering drugs and so on [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the synthetic method and mechanism for the important N‐heterocyclic compound of 3‐methylindole

Sun

et al. 2022

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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3-Methylindole, as an important N-heterocycle compound, is widely applied in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industry for synthesizing momentous drugs and plant growth regulators as well as the production of spices. Therefore, the efficient synthesis of 3-methylindole is very important and has attracted much attention from chemists. In this paper, the synthetic methods of 3-methylindole were classified into Fischer proton rearrangement, radical reaction, coupling cyclization, electrophilic reaction, nucleophilic reaction, reduction reaction and oxidation reaction. Also, the recent advances in the synthetic method and mechanism were reviewed, in which the most promising method for the green and cheap synthesis of 3-methylindole from biomassderived glycerol and aniline was proposed.

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Research progress of indole compounds with potential antidiabetic activity

Cited by 83 publications

References 115 publications

Effects of Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites

Effects of Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites

Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Indole‐Pyrazole Hybrids

Recent advances in the synthetic method and mechanism for the important N‐heterocyclic compound of 3‐methylindole

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