Research Progress of Marinobufagenin and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Abstract

Salt-sensitive hypertension is a special type of hypertension. Because of its special pathogenesis and clinical features, it has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Marinobufagenin is a kind of endogenous digitals-like substance, which is the unitary ligand of Na + /K + ATPase widely distributed in human and animal. Marinobufagenin mediates water sodium retention, increases blood pressure, and interferes myocardial and vascular fibrosis and other pathologic mechanisms by blocking Na + /K + ATPase and various signaling pathways, which playes an importent role in the occurrence and development of salt-sensitive hypertension. This article hlights recent advances of the relation between marinobufagenin and salt-sensitive hypertension.Keywords Marinobufagenin; Salt-sensitive hypertension; Na + /K + -ATPase; Endogenous digitals-like substance Salt-Sensitive HypertensionSalt is one of the crucial risk factors of essential hypertension. A mass of clinical observations, animal experiments and ecological studies have documented the intimate association between salt and blood pressure.The different blood pressure response of individuals to salt load showed a discrete distribution, which confirmed the presence of salt sensitivity. Salt sensitivity is the genetic basis of salt connects hypertension, is an intermediate genetic phenotype of essential hypertension. The salt sensitivity of blood pressure, defined as an exaggerated pressor response to dietary salt intake, jointly determined by genetic factors, age, body mass index (BMI), concomitant diseases, ethnic factor, increases the risk of hypertension (Carey et al., 2012; Kotchen et al., 2013;Felder et al., 2013;Frame et al., 2017), and the associated hypertension defined as salt sensitivity hypertension (salt-sensitive hypertension, SSH). Some people have significant blood pressure increase after high salt intake is called salt-sensitive subjects, while the other group have no obvious increase in blood pressure is called non-salt-sensitive subjects. SSH is an important characteristic of hypertension in China, affects approximately 50% of hypertensive patients, 25% of normotensive adults (Kotchen et al., 2013;Felder et al., 2013 ) and about 40% of the teenages have salt sensitivity in positive family history of hypertension (Mou et al, 2012). It is a complex disease related to regional, ethnic, demographic and social factors, as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endogenous Digitals-like Substance and MarinobufageninEndogenous digitals-like substance (ELDS)， which has similar characters with exogenous digitalis in structure, physico and chemical properties and biological functionis, is classified into two groups. Endogenous cardenolids have similar structure with digitalatis from plant, including endogenous ouabain (EO) and endogenous digoxin. Another group is endogenous bufadienolides, including endogenous marinobufagenin (MBG), telocinobufagin and bufalin， which have similar structure with bufotoxin that originally disc...