Research Progress of Ponticulus Posticus: A Narrative Literature Review

Xu, Xun; Zhu, Yuefeng; Ding, Xing; Yin, Mengchen; Mo, Wen; Ma, Junming

doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.834551

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…Another study [19] showed that, apparently, it is unrelated to the skeletal malocclusion type or dental anomalies and indicates the congenital hypothesis of PP's origin already reported in the literature. A narrative review [20] that included 113 articles showed that the PP compresses the third segment of the vertebral artery, the suboccipital nerve, and the venous plexus, consequently contributing to the incidence of neurological pathologies. When a PP is observed or suspected on a lateral radiograph, it is recommended that a computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient who is about to receive a C1 lateral mass screw be performed, which could determine a safe entry point and the right trajectory of the screw insertion [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Morphology-Wise Demographic Distribution of Ponticulus Posticus on CT Scans—A Retrospective Observational Study

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: The ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bony bridge that emerges from the posterior aspect of the superior articular process, to connect the posterior arch of the atlas. It is often associated with neurological symptoms. The aim of this study was to obtain an insight into this malformation, and prevalence in the North East region of the Romanian population. Materials and methods: This anatomical variant was analyzed through an observational and retrospective study which was carried out in St. Spiridon Hospital Iasi. The duration of the study was 10 months and, a number of 487 patients who presented neurological symptoms without cranio-cerebral traumatisms were enrolled and a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed. We proposed a new classification of PP in five types. The prevalence of PP was calculated and Skewness test, ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction, and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the sample of 487 patients, PP was found in 170 cases (34.90%) in an age group of 8–90 years (mean age = 59.52 years, SD ± 19.94 years). Type I was found in 11.29%, followed by Type II—8.21%, Type III—5.13%, Type IV—5.54%, and Type V—4.72% (p = 0.347). It was 19.5%, mirroring the incomplete type, whereas the complete type was reported in 15.40% of cases (p = 0.347), the highest prevalence, namely 41.17% was found in the “41 to 60 years” age group, followed by 36.95% in the “21 to 40 years” group (p = 0.00148). The mean age was higher in patients with PP Type III (61.16 years, SD ± 19.98), while patients with PP Type V recorded the lowest mean age (56.48 years, SD ± 22.13). The differences between the comparative average ages on types were not statistically significant (p = 0.411). The gender and age were not good predictors of PP Type V (AUC < 0.600). Conclusion: according to our study, incomplete types of PP were found to be more prevalent as compared to complete types. No difference between males and females was detected. PP is more frequent in adults and young adults than in the elderly population. It is confirmed that gender and age were not good predictors of the bilateral complete type of PP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Morphology-Wise Demographic Distribution of Ponticulus Posticus on CT Scans—A Retrospective Observational Study

et al. 2023

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Does ponticulus posticus affect vertebral artery diameter

Gul,

Atik

2024

Surg Radiol Anat

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The Relationship Between Orthodontic Malocclusion and Morphological Features of Sella Turcica Bridging and Ponticulus Posticus

Lekavičiūtė,

Šopagienė,

Razukevičius

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Recent years have been marked by a search for new relationships between malocclusions and the morphological features of the cranial base and upper cervical spine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between skeletal orthodontic malocclusions and the morphological features of sella turcica bridging (STB) and ponticulus posticus (PP). Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 randomly selected pre-orthodontic treatment patients aged 7–40 years. Cephalometric analysis was performed twice by two researchers. The patients were divided into three groups according to the type of skeletal malocclusion. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 software. Results: The prevalence of incomplete PP was 40%, and the prevalence of complete PP was 11.33% and was significantly more common in males (56.7%). STB had a prevalence of 52.67% (15.67% complete, 37.0% partial), with a significantly higher prevalence in females (60.1%, p < 0.001). PP and STB were more common in Class II patients, followed by Class I and Class III. However, only PP showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.042). According to logistic regression, men were twice as likely to have an open groove of PP (p = 0.015), while females had higher odds of partial and complete STB (p < 0.05). Class II malocclusion increases the odds of type 2 and type 4 PP as well as partial STB. However, it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The morphological features of sella turcica bridging and ponticulus posticus were related to sex and the orthodontic skeletal pattern. Ponticulus posticus was more prevalent in males, while sella turcica bridging was more prevalent in females; both conditions were more common in patients with a Class II skeletal pattern. Males were more likely to have an open groove of ponticulus posticus, whereas females were twice as likely to have both forms of sella turcica bridging.

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Research Progress of Ponticulus Posticus: A Narrative Literature Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

The Prevalence and Morphology-Wise Demographic Distribution of Ponticulus Posticus on CT Scans—A Retrospective Observational Study

The Prevalence and Morphology-Wise Demographic Distribution of Ponticulus Posticus on CT Scans—A Retrospective Observational Study

Does ponticulus posticus affect vertebral artery diameter

The Relationship Between Orthodontic Malocclusion and Morphological Features of Sella Turcica Bridging and Ponticulus Posticus

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