Research Progress of Proton Exchange Membrane Failure and Mitigation Strategies

Xing, Yijing; Li, Haibin; Avgouropoulos, George

doi:10.3390/ma14102591

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The hydrogen permeation could commonly indicate the degree of membrane mechanical durability. [ 35 ]. As shown in Figure 6 , the membranes after dynamic mechanical aging (by pressure-loaded blistering time for 10 min) revealed rapid hydrogen permeability compared with the original membranes, which presumably suggested that the dynamic mechanical aging caused chemical degradation and microstructure mechanical damage of the membranes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using a Gas Pressure-Loaded Blister

2021

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This study reports on an innovative press-loaded blister hybrid system equipped with gas-chromatography (PBS-GC) that is designed to evaluate the mechanical fatigue of two representative types of commercial Nafion membranes under relevant PEMFC operating conditions (e.g., simultaneously controlling temperature and humidity). The influences of various applied pressures (50 kPa, 100 kPa, etc.) and blistering gas types (hydrogen, oxygen, etc.) on the mechanical resistance loss are systematically investigated. The results evidently indicate that hydrogen gas is a more effective blistering gas for inducing dynamic mechanical losses of PEM. The changes in proton conductivity are also measured before and after hydrogen gas pressure-loaded blistering. After performing the mechanical aging test, a decrease in proton conductivity was confirmed, which was also interpreted using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. Finally, an accelerated dynamic mechanical aging test is performed using the homemade PBS-GC system, where the hydrogen permeability rate increases significantly when the membrane is pressure-loaded blistering for 10 min, suggesting notable mechanical fatigue of the PEM. In summary, this PBS-GC system developed in-house clearly demonstrates its capability of screening and characterizing various membrane candidates in a relatively short period of time (<1.5 h at 50 kPa versus 200 h).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using a Gas Pressure-Loaded Blister

2021

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“…At the cathode, hydrogen peroxide is formed when oxygen is reduced through the two-electron pathway [ 28 ]. When hydrogen peroxide decomposes and reacts with metal ions (e.g., Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cr 3+ ) formed during the degradation of other components in the fuel cell (e.g., bipolar plate and sealing materials), intermediate products, such as hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidative characteristics are produced [ 29 ]. These radicals attack the polymer chain, causing defragmentation, unzipping, and thinning of the membrane [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Functional Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-Art on the Development of Nafion-Based Membrane for Performance Improvement in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Thiam

Pang

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane (PEM), has been widely used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) to serve as a proton carrier, methanol barrier, and separator for the anode and cathode. A significant drawback of Nafion in DMFC applications is the high anode-to-cathode methanol fuel permeability that results in over 40% fuel waste. Therefore, the development of a new membrane with lower permeability while retaining the high proton conductivity and other inherent properties of Nafion is greatly desired. In light of these considerations, this paper discusses the research findings on developing Nafion-based membranes for DMFC. Several aspects of the DMFC membrane are also presented, including functional requirements, transport mechanisms, and preparation strategies. More importantly, the effect of the various modification approaches on the performance of the Nafion membrane is highlighted. These include the incorporation of inorganic fillers, carbon nanomaterials, ionic liquids, polymers, or other techniques. The feasibility of these membranes for DMFC applications is discussed critically in terms of transport phenomena-related characteristics such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects of Nafion-based membranes for DMFC are presented. This paper will serve as a resource for the DMFC research community, with the goal of improving the cost-effectiveness and performance of DMFC membranes.

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“…A strategy to mitigate such radical attacks consists of the incorporation of radical scavengers. For example, the introduction of metal cations, such as Ce 4+ and Mn 2+ , or their oxides, including CeO 2 and MnO 2 , revealed to be effective in mitigating the chemical degradation of PFSA (PerFluoroSulfonic Acid) polymers [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] because, due to the multivalent oxidation state of the metals, they can act as catalysts for the decomposition of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydopamine Coated CeO2 as Radical Scavenger Filler for Aquivion Membranes with High Proton Conductivity

et al. 2021

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CeO2 nanoparticles were coated with polydopamine (PDA) by dopamine polymerization in water dispersions of CeO2 and characterized by Infrared and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The resulting materials (PDAx@CeO2, with x = PDA wt% = 10, 25, 50) were employed as fillers of composite proton exchange membranes with Aquivion 830 as ionomer, to reduce the ionomer chemical degradation due to hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. Membranes, loaded with 3 and 5 wt% PDAx@CeO2, were prepared by solution casting and characterized by conductivity measurements at 80 and 110 °C, with relative humidity ranging from 50 to 90%, by accelerated ex situ degradation tests with the Fenton reagent, as well as by in situ open circuit voltage stress tests. In comparison with bare CeO2, the PDA coated filler mitigates the conductivity drop occurring at increasing CeO2 loading especially at 110 °C and 50% relative humidity but does not alter the radical scavenger efficiency of bare CeO2 for loadings up to 4 wt%. Fluoride emission rate data arising from the composite membrane degradation are in agreement with the corresponding changes in membrane mass and conductivity.

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Research Progress of Proton Exchange Membrane Failure and Mitigation Strategies

Cited by 58 publications

References 79 publications

Dynamic Mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using a Gas Pressure-Loaded Blister

Dynamic Mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using a Gas Pressure-Loaded Blister

A State-of-Art on the Development of Nafion-Based Membrane for Performance Improvement in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Polydopamine Coated CeO2 as Radical Scavenger Filler for Aquivion Membranes with High Proton Conductivity

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