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The aim of this research is to study the development as well as the known cases of military applications of laser technologies – from the first lasers employed in auxiliary systems to modern complex independent laser systems. For better understanding and systematization of knowledge about development of historical applications in the military field, an analysis of publicly known knowledge about their historical applications in the leading world countries was conducted. The study focuses on development that was carried out by the superpowers of the Cold War and the present era, namely the United States, the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China, and were built in metal. Multiple avenues of various applications of laser technology in military applications were studied, namely: military laser rangefinders; ground and aviation target designators; precision ammunition guidance systems; non-lethal anti-personnel systems; systems, designed to disable optoelectronics of military vehicles; as well as strategic and tactical anti-air and missile defense systems. To summarize and compare the results, an analysis of a number of previous works was considered, which considered the historical development, prospects and problems of the laser weaponry development. The issues of ethical use of laser weapons and the risks of their use in armed conflicts, which led to an international consensus in the form of conventions of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, were also considered. As a result of the analysis, a systematic approach to the classification of applications of laser technology in military products by three main areas of development was proposed: ancillary applications, non-lethal direct action on the human body and optical devices of military equipment, and anti-aircraft and anti-missile defensive systems. Due to the constant comprehensive modernization of laser technology systems in use, it was decided not to use the periodic classification model, but to indicate important and key events that indicated the main directions of further developmental work. However, it is important to note that the main focus of historical development of laser weapons depended not only on the technological limitations of the time, but also on the military-geopolitical situation in the world.
The aim of this research is to study the development as well as the known cases of military applications of laser technologies – from the first lasers employed in auxiliary systems to modern complex independent laser systems. For better understanding and systematization of knowledge about development of historical applications in the military field, an analysis of publicly known knowledge about their historical applications in the leading world countries was conducted. The study focuses on development that was carried out by the superpowers of the Cold War and the present era, namely the United States, the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China, and were built in metal. Multiple avenues of various applications of laser technology in military applications were studied, namely: military laser rangefinders; ground and aviation target designators; precision ammunition guidance systems; non-lethal anti-personnel systems; systems, designed to disable optoelectronics of military vehicles; as well as strategic and tactical anti-air and missile defense systems. To summarize and compare the results, an analysis of a number of previous works was considered, which considered the historical development, prospects and problems of the laser weaponry development. The issues of ethical use of laser weapons and the risks of their use in armed conflicts, which led to an international consensus in the form of conventions of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, were also considered. As a result of the analysis, a systematic approach to the classification of applications of laser technology in military products by three main areas of development was proposed: ancillary applications, non-lethal direct action on the human body and optical devices of military equipment, and anti-aircraft and anti-missile defensive systems. Due to the constant comprehensive modernization of laser technology systems in use, it was decided not to use the periodic classification model, but to indicate important and key events that indicated the main directions of further developmental work. However, it is important to note that the main focus of historical development of laser weapons depended not only on the technological limitations of the time, but also on the military-geopolitical situation in the world.
自研（1+1）分布式侧面泵浦光纤实现20 kW激光输出
Objective The distributed sidecoupled claddingpumped (DSCCP) fiber comprises an active signal fiber with gain characteristics and several passive multimode pump fibers, collectively coated to form an integral package. The pump laser injected into the pump fiber couples between the pump and signal fibers in the form of an evanescent wave. Upon entering the signal fiber s cladding, it excites rareearth ions in the signal fiber s core, thus achieving laser gain amplification. In the realm of highpower singlefiber lasers, the primary challenges limiting power enhancement are pump injection and extremely high thermal loads. Therefore, combining cascaded pumping and distributed sidepumping has emerged as a promising and feasible pathway to achieve ultrahigh power in the tens of kilowatts range. MethodsThe experimental setup is based on a master oscillator power amplifier scheme. A pair of fiber Bragg gratings and 20/400 μm ytterbiumdoped fiber form an optical cavity to generate a hundredwatt seed. A homemade 35 m (1+1) DSCCP fiber with highconcentration Ybdoped in active core and a core/cladding size of 60/300 μm is activated by five groups of 1018 nm pump sources in a counter way from pump core with a core size of 310 μm. A Raman suppression array, consisting of a few homemade tilted fiber Bragg gratings, is placed between the oscillator and the amplifier to filter noise within the Raman range. Results and DiscussionsThe experimental results demonstrate the highest output power of 20.13 kW from the signal fiber, with an opticaloptical conversion efficiency of 81.0%. The fiber slope efficiency, fitted across the entire power range, reaches 82.3%. Spectral measurements exhibit a 3 dB linewidth of 0.44 nm for the seed laser at the hundredwatt level, expanding to 1.1 nm at the amplified power of 20.13 kW. The experiment also reveals a Raman suppression ratio of approximately 37.65 dB, indicating effective suppression of stimulated Raman scattering components in the spectrum .Conclusions This achievement represents the first publicized report of a 20 kW singlefiber laser output using the (1+1) type distributed sidepumping approach. The success not only highlights the efficacy of the distributed sidepumping scheme for realizing highpower outputs but also paves the way for future research on further improving beam quality and achieving highquality laser outputs approaching diffraction limits in the tens of kilowatts range. In the next stage, we will focus on the improvement of beam quality by controlling core design and enhancing coupling ability.
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