Research progress on material properties of clad steel

Abstract

Clad steel possesses benefits of the both component metals in terms of mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, sustainability and lower full lifecycle cost, etc. As a result, it has been more and more widely used in the petroleum, chemical, marine, shipbuilding and metallurgical industries, including stainless-clad steel and titanium clad steel. Such clad steel has also great potential for application in building and bridge structures. For better understanding material properties of such clad steel, a review of research progress available in the literature is conducted herein, as well as recent research undertaken by the authors’ group at Tsinghua University. It can be found that very limited research reported in the literature mainly concerns static material properties of the clad steel, and primary relations between clad ratio and strength are suggested. The authors carried out material tests on both titanium and stainless-clad steel plates, with different clad ratios being incorporated. For the stainless-clad steel tests, both material and butt welded connections are tested, and various elevated temperatures are considered. In addition, tension coupon tests under cyclic loadings are also briefly introduced herein. Primary constitutive relations developed by the authors are reviewed in this paper. All the research findings and proposed formulae may provide an essential basis for future structural analysis, and may promote its application in structural engineering.

Metallurgical Characterization of the Interfaces in Steel Plates Clad with Austenitic Steel or High Ni Alloys by Hot Rolling

“…They benefit from having the peculiar properties of both base and clad metal, achieving good results in terms of mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and lower cost if compared to the use of a massive high alloyed metal. For this reason, clad steels have been utilized with great success for several decades in process vessels, heat exchangers, chemical tanks, besides a variety of storage facilities [1], also representing a great potential for applications in structural engineering [2] and shipbuilding [3].…”

“…In addition, it can bond couples of metals with different mechanical properties [6]. When compared with explosion welding, hot rolling produces clad steels with more stable quality in terms of bonding interface and performance [2]. As a consequence of the high processing temperature, the inter-diffusion of substitution elements between dissimilar materials, besides interstitial carbon diffusion from ferritic steel, takes place.…”