Research progress on perioperative blood-brain barrier damage and its potential mechanism

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important barrier separating the central nervous system from the periphery. The composition includes endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, synapses and tight junction proteins. During the perioperative period, anesthesia and surgical operations are also a kind of stress to the body, which may be accompanied by blood-brain barrier damage and brain metabolism dysfunction. Perioperative blood-brain barrier destruction is closely associated with cognitive impairment and may increase the risk of postoperative mortality, which is not conducive to enhanced recovery after surgery. However, the potential pathophysiological process and specific mechanism of blood-brain barrier damage during the perioperative period have not been fully elucidated. Changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, inflammation and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and intestinal dysbiosis may be involved in blood-brain barrier damage. We aim to review the research progress of perioperative blood-brain barrier damage and its potential adverse effects and potential molecular mechanisms, and provide ideas for the study of homeostasis maintenance of brain function and precision anesthesia.

Breaking the Barriers: Machine-Learning-Based c-RASAR Approach for Accurate Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Prediction

“…1−4 The BBB plays a pivotal role in drug discovery, presenting both challenges and opportunities for researchers. 6 Its selective nature restricts the entry of many therapeutic agents into the brain, limiting the range of potential treatments for neurological disorders. 6−8 However, understanding the BBB is crucial for the design of effective therapies.…”

“…The blood–brain barrier (BBB) stands as a formidable and intricate safeguard within the human body, meticulously regulating the exchange of substances between the bloodstream and the brain. , This highly specialized barrier plays a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate and precisely balanced environment necessary for optimal neural function. − Comprising a complex network of tightly packed endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, the BBB acts as a selective barricade, allowing only specific molecules to traverse from the bloodstream into the brain tissue while impeding the entry of potentially harmful substances. − This intricate barrier serves as a vital defense mechanism, shielding the brain from the fluctuations and potential threats posed by various circulating molecules, pathogens, and toxins . The selective permeability of the BBB is orchestrated by tight junctions between endothelial cells, creating a daunting barrier that regulates the passage of ions, nutrients, and other essential substances crucial for proper brain function. , Understanding the intricacies of the BBB is pivotal not only for unraveling the mysteries of neurological health but also for developing targeted therapies for neurological disorders, as the barrier poses a formidable challenge for drug delivery to the brain. − The BBB plays a pivotal role in drug discovery, presenting both challenges and opportunities for researchers . Its selective nature restricts the entry of many therapeutic agents into the brain, limiting the range of potential treatments for neurological disorders. − However, understanding the BBB is crucial for the design of effective therapies.…”

“…The selective permeability of the BBB is orchestrated by tight junctions between endothelial cells, creating a daunting barrier that regulates the passage of ions, nutrients, and other essential substances crucial for proper brain function. , Understanding the intricacies of the BBB is pivotal not only for unraveling the mysteries of neurological health but also for developing targeted therapies for neurological disorders, as the barrier poses a formidable challenge for drug delivery to the brain. − The BBB plays a pivotal role in drug discovery, presenting both challenges and opportunities for researchers . Its selective nature restricts the entry of many therapeutic agents into the brain, limiting the range of potential treatments for neurological disorders. − However, understanding the BBB is crucial for the design of effective therapies. Researchers are exploring strategies such as nanocarriers, prodrugs, and targeted delivery systems to enhance drug penetration across the BBB .…”

“…Researchers are exploring strategies such as nanocarriers, prodrugs, and targeted delivery systems to enhance drug penetration across the BBB. 6 Additionally, advancements in computational modeling and in silico methods aid in predicting BBB permeability and optimizing drug structures. 9,10 Cultured cell and animal models that mimic the BBB contribute to understanding drug transport mechanisms.…”

“…Its selective nature restricts the entry of many therapeutic agents into the brain, limiting the range of potential treatments for neurological disorders. − However, understanding the BBB is crucial for the design of effective therapies. Researchers are exploring strategies such as nanocarriers, prodrugs, and targeted delivery systems to enhance drug penetration across the BBB . Additionally, advancements in computational modeling and in silico methods aid in predicting BBB permeability and optimizing drug structures. , Cultured cell and animal models that mimic the BBB contribute to understanding drug transport mechanisms .…”