Research progress on the interactions between long non‑coding RNAs and microRNAs in human cancer (Review)

Abstract

Numerous types of molecular mechanisms mediate the development of cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are being increasingly recognized to play important role in mediating the development of diseases, including cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the two most widely studied ncRNAs. Thus far, lncRNAs are known to have biological roles through a variety of mechanisms, including genetic imprinting, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle control, splicing regulation, mRNA decay and translational regulation, and miRNAs regulate gene expression through the degradation of mRNAs and lncRNAs. Although ncRNAs account for a major proportion of the total RNA, the mechanisms underlying the physiological or pathological processes mediated by various types of ncRNAs, and the specific interaction mechanisms between miRNAs and lncRNAs in various physiological and pathological processes, remain largely unknown. Thus, further research in this field is required. In general, the interaction mechanisms between miRNAs and lncRNAs in human cancer have become important research topics, and the study thereof has led to the recent development of related technologies. By providing examples and descriptions, and performing chart analysis, the present study aimed to review the interaction mechanisms and research approaches for these two types of ncRNAs, as well as their roles in the occurrence and development of cancer. These details have far-reaching significance for the utilization of these molecules in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs 3. Methods of research in to lncRNAs and miRNAs 4. lncRNAs and miRNAs in cancer 5. Conclusion

MALAT1 knockdown inhibits hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma malignancy by targeting microRNA‑194

“…Reciprocal inhibition mechanisms between lncRNAs and miRNAs have been demonstrated in previous studies, indicating that lncRNAs sponge miRNAs to prevent downstream binding to mRNAs (49). Therefore, lncRNAs participate in the physiology and pathology of cells by regulating miRNAs levels (50). In the present study, miR-194 was predicted as a target of MALAT1, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-194 and MALAT1.…”

Noncoding RNAs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers

“…The most important interaction type detected between lncRNA and miRNAs is called “Sponge effect of lncRNAs on miRNAs.” Two components are involved in this type of interaction: competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and microRNA response elements (MREs). There are currently two ways of defining the “sponge effect” of lncRNAs and miRNAs, the complete complementary mode and partial complementary mode [ 58 ]. Some of the known interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs are shown in Figure 1 .…”

Research progress on long non-coding RNAs and their roles as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in pancreatic cancer

“…In the cytoplasm, the most well-established role of lncRNAs is acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) with miRNAs, thereby influencing mRNA expression that is regulated by the miRNAs [ 24 ]. MiRNAs exert their functions through binding of their 5′-end seed sequence with the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of target mRNAs, which inhibits protein expression of these genes [ 25 ].…”