Abstract:Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is the eutectic mixture which is formed by hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) with a certain molar ratio through hydrogen bonding. NADES is a liquid with low cost, easy preparation, biodegradability, sustainability and environmental friendliness at room temperature. At present, it is widely used in food, medicine and other areas. First, the composition, preparation and properties of NADES are outlined. Second, the potential mechanism of NADES in… Show more
“…Various techniques can be employed to prepare DES such as heating, grinding, vacuum evaporation and freeze‐drying 23 . The choice of preparation method is typically influenced by factors like personal preference, equipment availability and the aim of reducing water content 24 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various techniques can be employed to prepare DES such as heating, grinding, vacuum evaporation and freeze-drying. 23 The choice of preparation method is typically influenced by factors like personal preference, equipment availability and the aim of reducing water content. 24 Among these techniques, the heating method garners the most attention in scholarly works due to its simplicity, minimal equipment requirements and effectiveness in minimising water content in the developed DESs, which is particularly important considering the hygroscopic properties of their constituents.…”
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound known for its remarkable antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties, making it highly valuable for diverse industrial applications such as medicine formulation, cosmetic production and food additives. This study focused on the green extraction of RA and antioxidants from Salvia officinalis L. using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Various DESs were prepared using choline chloride (ChCl) as the sole hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with various hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), including acetic acid (AA), propanoic acid (PA), malonic acid (MA) and ethylene glycol (EG) at different compositions (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) and water content (0–30%). The resulting clear and homogeneous DESs were characterised by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, density measurements and Nile red assay to investigate their physicochemical properties. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction was performed with the successfully formed DESs at 70°C for 30 min, using a solid‐solvent ratio of 1:30 g/mL to extract RA and antioxidants from S. officinalis L. leaves. Stable DESs (ChCl‐AA, ChCl‐MA, ChCl‐PA and ChCl‐PG) were formed at the molar ratio of 1:2. The formation of hydrogen bonds in the DESs was confirmed by FTIR spectra (3800–3000 cm−1). The DESs densities decreased with increasing temperature and water content. ChCl‐MA DES was the most polar, with the lowest transition energy, value of 44.672 kcal mol−1. ChCl‐EG DES extract (1:2 molar ratio, 30% water content) yielded the highest RA (49.619 ppm), which is 12.2% higher than the methanol extract. ChCl‐MA DES extract (1:2 molar ratio, 10% water content) showed 11.57% higher antioxidant activity than methanol extract, with an inhibition percentage of 92.663%. Overall, ChCl‐EG (30% water content) and ChCl‐MA (10% water content) at the molar ratio of 1:2 are viable green alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting RA and antioxidants from S. officinalis L., respectively.
“…Various techniques can be employed to prepare DES such as heating, grinding, vacuum evaporation and freeze‐drying 23 . The choice of preparation method is typically influenced by factors like personal preference, equipment availability and the aim of reducing water content 24 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various techniques can be employed to prepare DES such as heating, grinding, vacuum evaporation and freeze-drying. 23 The choice of preparation method is typically influenced by factors like personal preference, equipment availability and the aim of reducing water content. 24 Among these techniques, the heating method garners the most attention in scholarly works due to its simplicity, minimal equipment requirements and effectiveness in minimising water content in the developed DESs, which is particularly important considering the hygroscopic properties of their constituents.…”
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound known for its remarkable antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties, making it highly valuable for diverse industrial applications such as medicine formulation, cosmetic production and food additives. This study focused on the green extraction of RA and antioxidants from Salvia officinalis L. using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Various DESs were prepared using choline chloride (ChCl) as the sole hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with various hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), including acetic acid (AA), propanoic acid (PA), malonic acid (MA) and ethylene glycol (EG) at different compositions (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) and water content (0–30%). The resulting clear and homogeneous DESs were characterised by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, density measurements and Nile red assay to investigate their physicochemical properties. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction was performed with the successfully formed DESs at 70°C for 30 min, using a solid‐solvent ratio of 1:30 g/mL to extract RA and antioxidants from S. officinalis L. leaves. Stable DESs (ChCl‐AA, ChCl‐MA, ChCl‐PA and ChCl‐PG) were formed at the molar ratio of 1:2. The formation of hydrogen bonds in the DESs was confirmed by FTIR spectra (3800–3000 cm−1). The DESs densities decreased with increasing temperature and water content. ChCl‐MA DES was the most polar, with the lowest transition energy, value of 44.672 kcal mol−1. ChCl‐EG DES extract (1:2 molar ratio, 30% water content) yielded the highest RA (49.619 ppm), which is 12.2% higher than the methanol extract. ChCl‐MA DES extract (1:2 molar ratio, 10% water content) showed 11.57% higher antioxidant activity than methanol extract, with an inhibition percentage of 92.663%. Overall, ChCl‐EG (30% water content) and ChCl‐MA (10% water content) at the molar ratio of 1:2 are viable green alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting RA and antioxidants from S. officinalis L., respectively.
“…Overall, these diverse synthesis techniques contribute to the preparation and development of NADES. More information about these preparation methods can be find in recent reviews (Mišan et al 2020 ; El Achkar et al 2021 ; Omar and Sadeghi 2022 ; Wu et al 2022 ). Fig.…”
Section: Nadess Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 1 Different methods for the preparation of natural deep eutectic solvents from malic acid and choline chloride, with the permission of Wu et al ( 2022 ) …”
The increasing antibiotic resistance towards a panel of microorganisms is one of the public health concerns. For this reason, the search for alternatives to the widely used antibiotic has been undertaken. In the era of sustainable chemistry, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents. These solvents possess several advantages such as low volatility, low flammability, ease of preparation, and typically low cost of production. These properties make DES suitable for various applications, including extraction of biomolecules and preparation of cosmetics. Natural DESs (NADESs) are special category of DESs prepared from natural sources, which matched the recent trends of leaning back to nature, and decreasing dependence on synthetic precursors. NADES can be prepared by heating and stirring, freeze-drying, evaporation, grinding, and ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted synthesis. Utilizing NADESs as an alternative to traditional antibiotics, which become ineffective over time due to bacterial resistance, holds great promise for these reasons. This review aims to discuss the antimicrobial properties of multiple NADESs, including antibacterial and antifungal activities. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first literature survey of the antimicrobial activities of NADESs.
Key points
• Natural deep eutectic solvents are promising antimicrobial alternative to antibiotics
• NADES holds high potential for their activity against bacterial resistance
• NADES have also substantial antifungal activities
“…The higher value of the Ca 2+ -ATPase activity of the NADES group sample compared to that of the SS group sample indicated that the NADES was more effective in inhibiting the decrease in the Ca 2+ -ATPase activity. This is attributed to the fact that the hydrogen bonding network system of NADES effectively inhibits water movement and reduces the generation of ice crystals, reducing the mechanical damage of ice crystals to muscle tissues [36], thus inhibiting conformational changes and the denaturation of myosin head and consequently stabilizing the Ca 2+ -ATPase activity.…”
Section: Inhibition Of Nades On Ca 2+ -Atpase Activity Of Frozen-thaw...mentioning
Quality degradation due to the formation and growth of ice crystals caused by temperature fluctuations during storage, transportation, or retailing is a common problem in frozen surimi. While commercial antifreeze is used as an ingredient in frozen surimi, its high sweetness does not meet the contemporary consumer demand for low sugar and low calories. Therefore, the development of new green antifreeze agents to achieve an enhanced frozen-thawed stability of surimi has received more attention. The aim of this study was to develop a cryoprotectant (a mixture of citric acid and trehalose) to enhance the frozen-thawed stability of surimi by inhibiting the oxidative denaturation and structural changes of frozen-thawed mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) surimi myofibrillar protein (MP). The results showed that the amounts of free amine, sulfhydryl, α-helix, intrinsic fluorescence intensity, and thermal stability in the control significantly decreased after five F-T cycles, while the Schiff base fluorescence intensity, amounts of disulfide bonds and surface hydrophobicity significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared to sucrose + sorbitol (SS), the natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) effectively inhibited protein oxidation. After five F-T cycles, the α-helix content and Ca2+-ATPase activity of the NADES samples were 4.32% and 80.0%, respectively, higher, and the carbonyl content was 17.4% lower than those of the control. These observations indicate that NADES could inhibit oxidative denaturation and enhance the structural stability of MP.
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