“…Caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11 play an important role in pyroptosis [ 21 ]. Three different pathways for pyroptosis have been proposed so far( Figure 2 b): the caspase 1 dependent pathway also called the canonical inflammasome pathway, the noncanonical inflammasome pathway consisting of caspases 4, 5, and 11, and most recently proposed the caspase 3 dependent pathway [ 21 , 22 ].In the canonical inflammasome pathway, intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRR) receive signal stimulation in the form of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Subsequently, the inflammatory body is assembled and an intracellular macromolecular protein complex is produced, leading to the activation of caspase 1, which thereby causes secretion ofIL-1β and IL-18 on one hand, and cleavage of gasdermin-D (GSDMD) to generate two types of ends–reactive amino (N) and carboxyl (C).…”