Research protocol development: basic concepts for clinicians

Kumari, Archana; Sinha, Bipin; Ranjan, Piyush

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171462

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Our first strategy involved setting up a local network and hosting the DB on a local computer, utilizing free, open-source software like XAMPP [ 87 ]. This software bundle provides a comprehensive framework to start and run a local server (Apache) and interact with our DB through a graphical user interface via PhpMyAdmin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware

Gazis,

Katsiri

2024

Sensors

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This article introduces a novel middleware that utilizes cost-effective, low-power computing devices like Raspberry Pi to analyze data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is designed for indoor settings like historical buildings and museums, tracking visitors and identifying points of interest. It serves as an evacuation aid by monitoring occupancy and gauging the popularity of specific areas, subjects, or art exhibitions. The middleware employs a basic form of the MapReduce algorithm to gather WSN data and distribute it across available computer nodes. Data collected by RFID sensors on visitor badges is stored on mini-computers placed in exhibition rooms and then transmitted to a remote database after a preset time frame. Utilizing MapReduce for data analysis and a leader election algorithm for fault tolerance, this middleware showcases its viability through metrics, demonstrating applications like swift prototyping and accurate validation of findings. Despite using simpler hardware, its performance matches resource-intensive methods involving audiovisual and AI techniques. This design’s innovation lies in its fault-tolerant, distributed setup using budget-friendly, low-power devices rather than resource-heavy hardware or methods. Successfully tested at a historical building in Greece (M. Hatzidakis’ residence), it is tailored for indoor spaces. This paper compares its algorithmic application layer with other implementations, highlighting its technical strengths and advantages. Particularly relevant in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and general monitoring middleware for indoor locations, this middleware holds promise in tracking visitor counts and overall building occupancy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware

Gazis,

Katsiri

2024

Sensors

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“…The PZT had been prepared by adopting the procedure reported by Kumari et al [22] Pure oxide powders (PbO, ZrO 2 , and TiO 2 ) took as a raw material to prepare PZT. Lead oxide (33.5%) and zirconium oxide (18.5%) were taken to make lead zirconate.…”

Section: Preparation Of Lead Zirconate Titanate Pb(zr 1 à X Ti X )O 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Behavior of PZT/Graphene Oxide Composites

Alam

Das

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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The influence of graphene oxide (GO) using modified Hummer's method on the dielectric properties of Pb (Zr1 − xTix) O3 (PZT) using sol–gel route is investigated. The as‐prepared PZT, GO, and PZT/GO composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric measurements of PZT/GO composites are conducted in frequency ranges from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and from room temperature to 80 °C. The dielectric constants of PZT/GO composites are larger than PZT at a frequency 100 Hz, and the dielectric losses are higher than PZT attributed to the presence of space‐charge polarization near the grain boundary interfaces. The observed experimental profile shows about the existence of grains and grain boundaries as confirmed by the impedance analysis. With the increasing content of GO% in the PZT/GO composite, the remnant polarization is approximately constant and coercive electric fields decreases due to space‐charge effects as obtained from the P–E loop measured at room temperature. The remnant polarization drastically reduces with higher wt% of GO (2 wt%) due to the conducting behavior of the PZT/GO composites. Therefore, the obtained higher dielectric constant of the prepared PZT/GO composites signifies that it may be suitable for various related applications.

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“…Figure 2 and several works in the literature, above pH 6 aluminum forms the precipitated species Al(OH)3. Metal precipitation can affect both the definition and the understanding of biosorption mechanisms[65,126,147,148].…”

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confidence: 99%

Aplicação do resíduo da extração sólido-líquido de alginato da alga Sargassum filipendula para bioadsorção de íons alumínio

Pereira de Sá Costa

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Aluminum is a metal classified as toxic and its extensive use in industrial processes generates large amounts of effluents contaminated. Such effluents are usually disposed of in water bodies, but the legislation requires pre-treatment of these before their disposal. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the efficacy of the residue from the solid-liquid extraction of alginate (here called RES) in the removal of aluminum ions. The experimental design of the Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was carried out to determine optimal values of important factors in the operation and showed that the agitation has no significant impact on the process, since the concentration of the solution and the dosage of the biomass is directly proportional to each other, so the optimized RES dosage was set at 2 g/L, while the aluminum initial concentration up to 3 mmol/L reveals to favor the process. pH showed to be a very influent parameter in the aluminum biosorption by RES and, better removal results were obtained at pH 4. The kinetic study revealed that the process equilibrium time (60 min) was not influenced by the increase in the initial concentration. Mathematical modeling indicated the occurrence of more than one removal mechanism, being associated with physical and chemical interactions such as ion exchange. In addition, the equilibrium model adjustments revealed that the residue has an energetically heterogeneous surface. The maximum removal capacity obtained was 1.431 mmol/g at 25 ºC. Thermodynamic study revealed that the process is exothermic and spontaneous. The simplified batch design showed that a small amount of waste (140 g) is needed to treat 10L of solution, removing 90% of aluminum at 1 mmol/L. The biosorbent was characterized before and after Al adsorption and the analyses indicated that the biomaterial is basically composed of macropores, in addition to having considerable thermal resistance at temperatures up to 150 ºC. In the efficiency comparison, the biomaterial stands out in relation to other biosorbents derived from algae previously studied for the removal of aluminum. The evaluation of ion exchange along with SEM-EDX analysis showed that sodium ions are the main exchangeable cations involved in the bio-absorption mechanism of the Al-RES system, followed by calcium, magnesium and a small share of potassium ions. The FTIR analysis and the functional group esterification test showed that mainly carboxylic groups, amine and sulfonate are involved in the studied biosorption system. The fixed bed study showed that the optimized parameters of continuous operation were a feed flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and an initial aluminum concentration of 1 mmol/L. Under these conditions the breakthrough time was about 200 minutes with a satisfactory percentage of aluminum removal (93%). The eluent tested most suitable for the regeneration of the biosorbent was the acid solution of 0.1 mol/L of HNO3. The residue demonstrated viable application, maintaining good perform...

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Research protocol development: basic concepts for clinicians

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware

Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware

Dielectric Behavior of PZT/Graphene Oxide Composites

Aplicação do resíduo da extração sólido-líquido de alginato da alga Sargassum filipendula para bioadsorção de íons alumínio

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