Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta‐analysis

Krebs, Georgina; Pile, Victoria; Grant, Sean; Esposti, Michelle Degli; Montgomery, Paul; Lau, Jennifer Y. F.

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12809

Cited by 64 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The finding that a single session of interpretation training can reduce the frequency of negative interpretations and increase the frequency of positive interpretations is consistent with previous studies, mostly conducted with healthy/unselected samples of adolescents (Krebs et al 2018) and more recently with adolescents diagnosed with major depression disorder (LeMoult et al 2018). Also, in line with these studies, is the finding that effects on selfreported measures (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In clinical populations, these paradigms have been found to reduce negative interpretation and attention biases towards depression-and anxiety-specific stimuli with a moderate effect (Hedges' g = 0.49) (Hallion and Ruscio 2011). More recently, a meta-analysis of cognitive bias modification studies for interpretation bias in children and adolescents has shown moderate effects for changing a negative interpretation bias (Hedges' g = .77) and a small effect size for reducing anxiety levels post training (Hedges' g = .21; Krebs et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Training Rejection Interpretation in Eating disordeRs (TRIER): Preliminary Findings of a Feasibility Study in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

et al. 2019

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This study investigated expectations of social rejection in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Female adolescents (N = 24) admitted for hospital treatment completed both a positive interpretation bias training (experimental training) and a 50% positive and 50% negative interpretation bias training (control training), in a counterbalanced order, in two different testing sessions using a within-subjects design. The primary outcome for the training was the frequency of negative interpretations produced in the sentence completion task. At baseline, participants produced more negative than benign interpretations of ambiguous social scenarios (medium/large effect size). Following experimental training, participants produced fewer negative and more benign interpretations compared to control training (medium/large effect sizes). A trend for higher levels of self-esteem following virtual ostracism was found in the experimental condition compared to the control condition (small/ medium effect size). Interpretation bias modification has the potential to improve resilience to rejection in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Rejection Interpretation in Eating disordeRs (TRIER): Preliminary Findings of a Feasibility Study in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

et al. 2019

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“…Effective and ineffective WIs did not show apparent differences in the types of psychopathology they addressed, the settings in which they were administered, or their delivery systems (self-versus therapist-administered); WIs identified as both helpful and unhelpful varied widely along all of these dimensions. However, certain types of WIs, such as cognitive interpretation and cognitive bias modification, showed limited or mixed efficacy across multiple studies, suggesting that certain approaches may have limitations in influencing youth mental health outcomes (the broader literature on CBM for youths and adults, including multi-session CBM and CBM combined with other therapeutic approaches, is similarly mixed: (Jones & Sharpe, 2017;Krebs et al, 2018). However, several…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Wise Interventions to Advance the Potency and Reach of Youth Mental Health Services

Schleider

Mullarkey

Chacko

2019

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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Despite progress in research on evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for youth psychopathology, many youths with mental health needs do not receive services, and EBTs are not always effective for those who access them. Wise interventions (WIs) may help address needs for more disseminable, potent youth mental health interventions. WIs are single-component, social-psychological interventions designed to foster adaptive meaning-making. They have improved health-related and interpersonal youth outcomes, yet their potential to reduce youth psychopathology has not been systematically explored. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic, descriptive review characterizing WIs' potential to reduce youth mental health problems. Across 25 RCTs (N=9,219 youths, ages 11-19) testing 13 intervention types, 7 WIs qualified as "Well-Established," "Probably Efficacious," or "Possibly Efficacious" for reducing one or more types of youth psychopathology, relative to controls. Among these, 5 WIs significantly reduced youth depressive symptoms; 3, general psychological distress; and 1 each, eating problems, anxiety, and substance use. Three of these 7 WIs were self-administered by youths, and four by trained interventionists; collectively, they were 30-168 minutes in length and targeted clinic-referred and nonreferred samples in clinical, school, and laboratory settings. Overall, certain WIs show promise in reducing mild to severe youth psychopathology. Given their brevity and low cost relative to traditional (i.e. therapist-delivered, 12-to-16 week, clinic-based) EBTs, WIs may represent beneficial additions to the youth mental healthcare ecosystem. Priorities for future research are proposed, including testing WIs for parents, younger children, and externalizing problems; as EBT adjuncts; and in schools and primary care clinics to increase access to brief, effective supports.

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“…A recent meta-analysis and review, which both focused on mental health outcomes other than hostile attributions, suggested that CBM interventions typically are (moderately) effective to reduce cognitive bias, but less so to change behavioral outcomes (Cristea et al 2015;Krebs et al 2017). Although this work primarily focused on anxiety and depression outcomes, it begs the question of how readily potential effects on hostile attribution bias will generalize to reducing aggression, especially in clinically referred children.…”

Section: Intervening With Hostile Attributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Aggressive Children’s Hostile Attributions: A Cognitive Bias Modification Procedure

2018

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Children with aggression problems tend to interpret other's intentions as hostile in ambiguous social situations. Among clinically referred children with aggressive behavior problems, this hostile attribution style may be relatively rigid and difficult to change, due to prevalent histories of aversive social experience and/or personal vulnerability. The present study examined the effectiveness of a cognitive bias modification (CBM) training to reduce hostile interpretations of facial expressions in clinically referred aggressive boys. We conducted two experiments: Both Study 1 (N = 59, Mage = 11.8) and Study 2 (N = 75, Mage = 11.5) showed that the training effectively reduced hostile interpretation of facial expressions. However, we found no generalization to relevant other outcomes, including state anger and aggression (assessed using a multi-method approach), and hostile attribution assessed in a game context. Taken together, this research illustrates the potential of employing the CBM procedure to reduce aggressive boys' hostile attributions: The procedure is time and cost-efficient, and relatively easily implemented. Despite this potential, the context-dependency and generalization of effects should be better understood before the procedure can be taken to scale in clinical populations.

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Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta‐analysis

Abstract: In contrast to previous meta-analytic findings, our results indicate that CBM-I has potential but weak anxiolytic effects in youth. Our findings suggest that it may be premature to disregard the potential value of CBM-I research and further research in this field is warranted.

Cited by 64 publications

References 59 publications

Training Rejection Interpretation in Eating disordeRs (TRIER): Preliminary Findings of a Feasibility Study in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

Training Rejection Interpretation in Eating disordeRs (TRIER): Preliminary Findings of a Feasibility Study in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

Harnessing Wise Interventions to Advance the Potency and Reach of Youth Mental Health Services

Reducing Aggressive Children’s Hostile Attributions: A Cognitive Bias Modification Procedure

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