Research Review: Language problems in children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – a systematic meta‐analytic review

Korrel, Hannah; Mueller, Kathryn; Silk, Tim; Anderson, Vicki; Sciberras, Emma

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12688

Cited by 99 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Nearly every neuropsychological domain has been found to be significantly impaired in ADHD compared with TD controls, though effect sizes are often small. This includes, for example, altered perception (e.g., increased odor sensitivity 112 ; altered sensory profile 113 ; impaired yellow/blue color perception, e.g., Banaschewski et al, 114 for review, see Fuermaier et al 115 ), emotional tasks (e.g., facial affect discrimination), 116 social tasks (e.g., Marton et al 117 ), communication, 118 and memory. 119 Several of the described impairments may be related to deficient top-down cognitive control and strategic deficits, 120 121 122 but there is also evidence for basic processing deficits.…”

Section: Current Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2020

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between “primary” and “secondary” ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.

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Section: Current Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2020

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“…Similar to other NDs, like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD symptoms typically have their onset during childhood and tend to persist into adolescence and adulthood (Thapar, Cooper, & Rutter, ). In addition, individuals diagnosed with ADHD often present with symptoms or a diagnosis of other NDs, including learning disability (Koolwijk et al., ; Larson, Russ, Kahn, & Halfon, ), language problems (Korrel, Mueller, Silk, Anderson, & Sciberras, ; Larson et al., ), ASD (Grzadzinski, Dick, Lord, & Bishop, ; Koolwijk et al., ; Larson et al., ; Zablotsky, Bramlett, & Blumberg, ), and intellectual disability (ID; Faraone, Ghirardi, Kuja‐Halkola, Lichtenstein, & Larsson, ). ADHD is also associated with several risky behaviors and adverse health outcomes (Balazs & Kereszteny, ; Erskine et al., ; Mohr‐Jensen & Steinhausen, ; Nigg, ), including injuries (Ruiz‐Goikoetxea et al., ), which represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children (Haagsma et al., ; WHO, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of medication for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with co‐occurring neurodevelopmental disorders

Ghirardi

Chen

Chang

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and with risky behaviors and adverse health outcomes, including injuries. Treatment with ADHD medication has been associated with reduced risk of injuries. However, it is unknown whether the association is present in individuals with co-occurring NDs. The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between ADHD medication use and unintentional injuries in Sweden in children and adolescents with ADHD, including those with co-occurring NDs. Methods: Using a linkage of several national registers via the unique personal identification number, we identified individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD and of other NDs, including autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, communication disorders, learning disorders and motor disorders. The primary outcome was unintentional injuries. Secondary outcome was traumatic brain injury (TBI). Individuals were followed from January 1st 2006 or their 5th birthday or the date of the first unintentional injury, whichever came last, to December 31st 2013 or their 18th birthday or death, whichever came first. We compared the rate of injuries during periods ontreatment with the rate of injuries during periods off-treatment within the same individual using stratified Cox regression to calculate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: For children and adolescents with ADHD (N = 9,421) the rate of any unintentional injuries (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.78-0.92) and TBIs (HR = 0.27; 95% CIs = 0.20-0.38) during medicated periods was lower than during non-medicated periods. Similar results were found among individuals with co-occurring NDs (N = 2,986), for unintentional injuries (HR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.77-1.01) and for TBIs (HR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.16-0.44). Conclusions: Beneficial effects of ADHD medication may extend beyond reduction of ADHD core symptoms to prevention of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents, including individuals with co-occurring NDs. Key pointsADHD medication use has been associated with reduced risk of injuries. Despite high comorbidity rates, little is known on the association between ADHD medication and injuries among children with co-occurring NDs.In this study, we found that ADHD medication use is associated with reduced risk of injuries in children and adolescents with co-occurring NDs and in the subgroup with ASD.

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“…In the current study network science is used to understand comorbidities between problems with communication, executive functions, and behaviour. Symptoms of communication and behavioural problems co-occur in the general population and in children with developmental disorders such as ADHD [7,11,30,31], ASD, DLD, and reading difficulties [20,[31][32][33]. Individuals with communication and/or behavioural problems, including those with diagnosed developmental disorders, often have additional deficits in executive functions (EFs) -the cognitive abilities regulating thoughts and behaviour [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdiagnostic associations across communication, cognitive, and behavioural problems in a developmentally at-risk population: a network approach

Mareva¹,

Team²,

Holmes³

2019

Preprint

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Background: Communication, behavioural, and executive function problems often co-occur in childhood. Previous attempts to identify the origins of these comorbidities have typically relied on comparisons of different deficit groups and/or latent variable models. Here we apply a network approach to a heterogeneous sample of struggling learners to conceptualise these comorbidities as a dynamic system of interacting difficulties.Methods: 714 children struggling with attention, learning, and/or memory were included. The sample consisted of children with both diagnosed (41%) and undiagnosed difficulties. The conditional independence network of parent ratings of everyday behaviour, cognition, and communication was estimated.Results: A clustering coefficient identified four areas of difficulty: (1) structural language and learning; (2) pragmatics and peer relationships; (3) behavioural and emotional problems; and (4) cognitive skills. Emotional and behavioural symptoms shared multiple direct connections with pragmatic abilities and cognitive problems, but not with structural language skills or learning problems. Poor structural language and cognitive skills were associated with learning problems. Centrality indices highlighted working memory and language coherence as symptoms bridging different problem areas. Conclusions: The network model identified four areas of difficulty and potential bridging symptoms. Although the current analytic framework does not provide causal evidence, it is possible that bridging symptoms may be the origins of comorbidities observed on a dimensional level; problems in these areas may cascade and activate problems in other areas of the network. The potential value of applying dynamic systems network approach to symptoms of developmental disorders is discussed.

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Research Review: Language problems in children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – a systematic meta‐analytic review

Abstract: This study demonstrates that children with ADHD have poorer performance on measures of overall, expressive, receptive, and pragmatic language compared with controls. A screening of language functioning may be a valuable addition to the assessment of ADHD.

Cited by 99 publications

References 61 publications

ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents

ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents

Use of medication for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with co‐occurring neurodevelopmental disorders

Transdiagnostic associations across communication, cognitive, and behavioural problems in a developmentally at-risk population: a network approach

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