Research status of the effects of natural oligosaccharides on glucose metabolism

Abstract

Diabetes is a common and frequently occurring endocrine and metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia with genetic tendency. At present, the drugs for diabetes include metformin, glimepiride, and acarbose. Although these drugs are effective, long‐term usage will produce secondary symptoms, such as Cushing's syndrome, limb hypertrophy, and even the risk of hypoglycemia. Many natural products have been found to treat diabetes, among which oligosaccharides are the most valuable. Oligosaccharides are low‐level oligosaccharides formed by the linkage of 2–10 monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds. Common oligosaccharides include chitosan oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, konjac glucomannan, and brown algae oligosaccharides. It has the effects of reducing blood glucose, blood pressure, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immune regulation, antiallergy, promoting the growth of bifidobacteria, and improving body health. With the continuous exploration of the medicinal value of natural oligosaccharides, more and more attention has been paid to their research. This review introduces some representative oligosaccharides with hypoglycemic effects, including their structural characteristics and hypoglycemic mechanism, as well as the application status and future development trend of oligosaccharides.

Evaluating the In Vitro and In Vivo Prebiotic Effects of Different Xylo-Oligosaccharides Obtained from Bamboo Shoots by Hydrothermal Pretreatment Combined with Endo-Xylanase Hydrolysis

“…Amino acid metabolism is vital for the breakdown and utilization of various amino acids by the intestinal microflora, leading to the production of intermediate metabolites such as fatty acids, organic acids, and aromatic amino acids. These metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and homeostasis of the intestinal microflora [45]. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the administration of XOS in the S1 and S2 solutions leads to a significant up-regulation of sugar biosynthesis and metabolism as well as amino acid metabolism.…”

“…The microflora community within the intestine plays various roles in maintaining overall health. It can influence the rate of digestion and absorption of disaccharides, the metabolism of fats, and the metabolism of glucose [45]. These factors can have implications for metabolic health and weight regulation in the body.…”

Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in the evaluation of food nutrition: A review

“…At present, natural products were rich in active substances (such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides), and the physiological functions of these active substances (such as antioxidation, antiaging, regulating lipid metabolism, improving immunity and anti‐inflammation) have attracted extensive attention (Huang et al, 2021; Q. Li, Li, Cai et al, 2022; M. Zhang et al, 2022; Zhao, Wu, et al, 2020). At the same time, it was necessary to use other biological models to study the nutritional activity of active substances from natural products before conducting human experiments, so a series of biological models such as flies, mice, rats, chickens, monkeys, and pigs have been developed (Wen et al, 2022).…”

“…At present, natural products were rich in active substances (such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides), and the physiological functions of these active substances (such as antioxidation, antiaging, regulating lipid metabolism, improving immunity and antiinflammation) have attracted extensive attention (Huang et al, 2021;M. Zhang et al, 2022;Zhao, Wu, et al, 2020).…”

Screening and identification of potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic compounds from aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root combing affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets and in silico analysis

“…17 As a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is usually accompanied by hyperglycemia. 18 Based on the latest report of the International Diabetes Federation, the number of DM patients in the world is estimated to be 643 million by 2030. In China, the number of adult DM patients is about 128.9 million, with an astonishing prevalence rate of 12.8%.…”