Research Study Design

Girolamo, Nicola Di; Mans, Christoph

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55228-8.00011-4

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…First of all, the present study had a cross-sectional design: by definition, cross-sectional studies have no dimension of time, so they cannot support conclusions on the risk factors of the targeted outcome, nor on causal relationships [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ]. Without a well-defined dimension of time, cross-sectional studies can be poorly suited for examining conditions of short duration [ 92 , 93 , 94 ]: from this point of view, a cross-sectional design may be well suited for studying the acceptance of vaccine interventions [ 65 , 95 ], as the research would inquire about the overall status of the targeted individuals before the intervention [ 83 , 96 , 97 ], while retrieved information on infectious diseases and associated risk factors should be more cautiously assessed [ 94 , 95 , 98 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Meningococcal Disease and Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccination in Adults and Their Offspring: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Italy (2019)

et al. 2023

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Despite its effectiveness in preventing invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), pediatric uptake of recombinant meningococcal vaccination for serogroup B meningitis (MenB) is low in Italy. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) about IMD and the vaccine uptake for MenB from July to December 2019, in a sample collected from a series of local Facebook discussion groups from the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia (North-Eastern Italy; 337,104 registered users). A self-administered anonymous web-based questionnaire was used to collect demographics, knowledge status, perceived risk for contracting meningitis, attitude towards the utility of meningococcal vaccine, and willingness to receive/perform MenB vaccine in their offspring. In total, 541 parents returned a fully completed questionnaire (response rate of 1.6% of potential recipients), with a mean age of 39.2 years ± 6.3 (78.1% females). Meningococcal infection was identified as severe or highly severe by most participants (88.9%), while it was recognized as being frequent/highly frequent in the general population by 18.6% of respondents. The overall knowledge status was unsatisfactory (57.6% ± 33.6 of correct answers to the knowledge test). Even though 63.4% of participants were somewhat favorable to MenB/MenC vaccines, offspring’s vaccination towards MenB was reported by only 38.7% of participants. In a binary logistic regression model, the male gender of respondents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.184, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.772 to 5.721), living in a municipality >15,000 inhabitants (aOR 1.675, 95%CI 1.051 to 2.668), reporting a favorable attitude on meningococcus B vaccine (aOR 12.472, 95%CI 3.030 to 51.338), having been vaccinated against serogroup B (aOR 5.624, 95%CI 1.936 to 16.337) and/or serogroup C (aOR 2.652, 95%CI 1.442 to 4.872), and having previously vaccinated their offspring against serogroup C meningococcus (aOR 6.585, 95%CI 3.648 to 11.888) were characterized as positive effectors of offspring’s vaccination. On the contrary, having a higher risk perception on vaccines was identified as the only negative effector (aOR 0.429, 95%CI 0.241 to 0.765). Our results hint towards extensive knowledge gaps on IMD and preventive interventions in the general population, suggesting that a positive attitude towards vaccines and vaccinations could be identified as the main effector also for MenB acceptance. Interventions in the general population aimed at improving confidence, compliance, and acknowledgment of the collective responsibility, as well as preventing actual constraints and the sharing of false beliefs on infectious diseases and their preventive measures, could therefore increase vaccination acceptance in both targeted individuals and their offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Meningococcal Disease and Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccination in Adults and Their Offspring: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Italy (2019)

et al. 2023

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“…Risk of bias assessments identified several major weaknesses in existing SPMs for patients with pain conditions. In total, 75% of the SPM studies used cross-sectional designs, which lack temporality between exposures or predictors and outcomes [ 66 ]. For example, Sun’s study did not clearly specify measuring risk factors before suicide-related outcomes [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Modeling for Suicide-Related Outcomes and Risk Factors among Patients with Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review

Huang

Lewis

Bao

et al. 2022

JCM

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Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US. Patients with pain conditions have higher suicidal risks. In a systematic review searching observational studies from multiple sources (e.g., MEDLINE) from 1 January 2000–12 September 2020, we evaluated existing suicide prediction models’ (SPMs) performance and identified risk factors and their derived data sources among patients with pain conditions. The suicide-related outcomes included suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide deaths, and suicide behaviors. Among the 87 studies included (with 8 SPM studies), 107 suicide risk factors (grouped into 27 categories) were identified. The most frequently occurring risk factor category was depression and their severity (33%). Approximately 20% of the risk factor categories would require identification from data sources beyond structured data (e.g., clinical notes). For 8 SPM studies (only 2 performing validation), the reported prediction metrics/performance varied: C-statistics (n = 3 studies) ranged 0.67–0.84, overall accuracy(n = 5): 0.78–0.96, sensitivity(n = 2): 0.65–0.91, and positive predictive values(n = 3): 0.01–0.43. Using the modified Quality in Prognosis Studies tool to assess the risk of biases, four SPM studies had moderate-to-high risk of biases. This systematic review identified a comprehensive list of risk factors that may improve predicting suicidal risks for patients with pain conditions. Future studies need to examine reasons for performance variations and SPM’s clinical utility.

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“…A cross-sectional design may be considered as well suited for studying the acceptance of interventions where the outcome variable (e.g., vaccination status) is only partially limited by time [98,99], while potential explanatory variables pre-exist the delivery of that intervention [100][101][102]. In this case, not only are we unable to actually discriminate between participants having obtained their actual understanding of N 2 O poisoning by formal education, medical education, or personal experience, but we should also stress that a significant role was possibly played by a factor quite difficult to ascertain, such as media coverage at the time of the survey [42,98,103,104]. Uncontrolled media claims about a misunderstood topic such as a N 2 O could possibly contribute to the knowledge gap and misunderstanding associated with the false belief of being "informed" about that topic, and a similar phenomenon has been described in previous KAP studies about the medical workforce [42,46,99,105].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrous Oxide Inhalant Abuse: Preliminary Results from a Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Italian Physicians (2023)

Riccò,

Ferraro,

Corrado

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Nitrous oxide (N2O) has recently emerged as a cheap alternative to other recreational substances. Although legally available, its chronic use is associated with severe neurological and hematological complications due to the irreversible inactivation of vitamin B12. While no reliable data on abuse of N2O in Italy have been provided to date, we assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Italian medical professionals on the management of N2O abuse cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed as a web-based survey through a series of Facebook discussion groups (targeted medical professionals: 12,103), and participants were specifically asked about their previous understanding of N2O abuse and whether they had or not any previous experience in this topic. Results: A total 396 medical professionals participated in the survey. Overall, 115 participants had previous knowledge about N2O abuse (29.04%), with higher odds for professionals with a background in emergency medicine (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.075; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.071 to 8.828) and lower for specialists in psychiatry (aOR 0.328; 95%CI 0.130 to 0.825). Knowledge status on N2O abuse was largely unsatisfying, as knowledge status, reported as a percent value, was estimated to 45.33% ± 24.71. Having previously managed a case of N2O abuse was associated with higher risk perception of the actual severity of this condition (aOR 5.070; 95%CI 1.520 to 16.980). Conclusions: Our study suggests that N2O poisoning cases are occurring in Italian settings but are not reasonably reported to national authorities. As substantial knowledge gaps of Italian medical workforces were identified, we cannot rule out that the actual abuse of N2O in the population may be far larger than currently suspected.

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Research Study Design

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Invasive Meningococcal Disease and Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccination in Adults and Their Offspring: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Italy (2019)

Invasive Meningococcal Disease and Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccination in Adults and Their Offspring: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Italy (2019)

Predictive Modeling for Suicide-Related Outcomes and Risk Factors among Patients with Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review

Nitrous Oxide Inhalant Abuse: Preliminary Results from a Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Italian Physicians (2023)

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