The dynamic economic development observed in recent years is, to a large extent, stimulated by micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs. Entities in this sector are the lifeblood of the economy, as the economy of the vast majority of countries in the world is based on this sector. The SME sector has limited investment opportunities for financial reasons. Support from EU funds has enabled entrepreneurs to invest in new technologies and improve qualifications, it also helped to reduce unemployment, and funds allocated for research and innovation created conditions for development and competitiveness of entrepreneurs. Capital inflows have also facilitated access to the internal market for small companies. The increase in the number of micro, small and medium entrepreneurs obtaining EU support translates into sustainable development of this market sector, and thus stimulates the socioeconomic development of the country. The aim of this analysis is to present the development of Polish enterprises against the background of implementation of the cohesion policy in the next financial perspectives.