“…In the pioneering experience of Svensson et al [9], operative morbidity and mortality were high. However, operative results have been improving because of innovations such as perioperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage, distal aortic perfusion, reattachment of critical intercostal arteries, permissive hypothermia, and hypothermic circulatory arrest [6,7,10,11]. The in-hospital mortality rate is now 4-10%, and paraplegia or paraparesis occurs in only 2.4-4.5% of patients [6,7,10,11].…”