Resentment or Forgiveness? The Assessment of Forgivingness Among Italian Adolescents

Barcaccia, Barbara; Milioni, Michela; Pallini, Susanna; Vecchio, Giovanni Maria

doi:10.1007/s12187-017-9483-6

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This means that the influence of forgiveness, gratitude and self-control on proactive and reactive aggression was similar in early and middle adolescents. These findings are contradictory to the current literature [ 83 , 86 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. Although additional studies are necessary to elucidate the moderate effects of age on the proposed relationships, we believe that these findings may be explained by the fact that Mexican culture emphasizes strong protection and dependence on parents throughout adolescence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Self-Control on Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Bullying

García-Vázquez

Cuervo

Parra-Pérez

2020

IJERPH

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The social cognitive approach to moral development posits that moral self-schemas encourage character strengths and reduce adolescents’ aggression. However, limited research has examined the influence of positive personal characteristics on proactive behaviors and reactive aggression in bullying. This study examined direct and mediational relationships between forgiveness, gratitude, self-control, and both proactive and reactive aggression in bullying. The extent to which the structural relations of this model were invariant by gender and stage of adolescence were also evaluated. Participants in this study were 1000 Mexican students, 500 early adolescents (M age = 12.36, SD = 0.77 years) and 500 middle adolescents (M age = 16.64, SD = 0.89 years), between 12 and 17 years old. Structural equation and multi-group invariance analysis were performed. Results indicate that gratitude and forgiveness are positively related to self-control. Gratitude, forgiveness, and self-control are also negatively related to reactive and proactive aggression. Forgiveness and gratitude had an indirect relationship by decreasing both proactive and reactive aggression through their positive effects on self-control. Additionally, gender moderated the relationships between variables proposed in the model, whereas stage of adolescence did not. Overall findings suggest that moral self-schemas and strengths explained both types of aggression in bullying.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Studies report that both types of aggression decrease with age [ 83 , 92 , 93 ]. Moreover, research findings suggest that forgiveness and gratitude increase with age [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Self-Control on Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Bullying

García-Vázquez

Cuervo

Parra-Pérez

2020

IJERPH

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“…Using a structural equation modelling approach, our results showed that forgivingness was positively and negatively related, respectively, to HB and depression, through a general effect of anger facets, suggesting that adolescents with higher forgivingness had higher HB and lower depression as they reported a lower general tendency towards anger. These results are consistent with previously reviewed literature highlighting the association between forgivingness and both depression (Brown, 2003; Burnette et al, 2009; Barcaccia et al, 2017, 2018b) and anger (Watson et al, 1988; Fehr et al, 2010; Barcaccia et al, 2018a). In addition, our findings expand on the existing literature in that they evidence a mediational model encompassing the relationship between forgivingness and HB and depression, with the general mediational effect of anger.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It contains 10 items (sample item: I try to forgive others even when they don’t feel guilty for what they did ) to which participants report their agreement on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). The psychometric properties of the Italian TFS have been recently validated (Barcaccia et al, 2018a), suggesting a 7-item scale. Cronbach’s alpha for our study was 0.71.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiving Adolescents: Far From Depression, Close to Well-Being

et al. 2019

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Forgiveness has been proven to be an effective way of regulating negative affect and decreasing depression. This study aimed at examining the relationship among constructs particularly relevant to adolescents’ well-being, including forgivingness (dispositional forgiveness) anger, depression and Hedonic Balance (HB). Specifically, using a structural equation modelling approach, the fully mediational role of the different facets of anger in the relationship between forgiveness and depression was tested in 773 adolescents, of which 69% girls. Results showed that forgivingness was positively and negatively related to, respectively, HB and depression, through a general effect of anger, suggesting that more forgiving adolescents had higher HB and lower depression as they reported a lower general tendency to experience anger. Forgivingness was also positively related both to HB and to depression through the mediation of all the facets of Anger. Moreover, only for HB, a specific effect of Anger-control was found, suggesting that more forgiving adolescents had higher HB as they reported higher strategies to control anger in a functional manner. The model invariance was supported across gender. Our results suggest that forgiveness is a significant protective factor against depression for adolescents, helping them to effectively control and manage anger, thus fostering emotional health. An important clinical implication of our study regards the potential of forgiveness as a resource for well-being in therapy: among the various possible protective factors in adolescence, forgiveness has the added advantage that it can be fostered in clinical settings, and working on forgiveness in psychotherapy or in counselling could decrease adolescent depression and improve well-being.

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“…The effects of forgiveness have been particularly analyzed in schools, especially in situations of peer victimization (Barcaccia, Milioni, Pallini, & Vecchio, 2018; Quintana-Orts & Rey, 2018; Watson, Rapee, & Todorov, 2016a), which is defined as an intentional physical, verbal, or psychological abuse that takes place in and around school, especially in places where adult supervision is minimal (Graham, 2006; Olweus, 1994). Peer victimization has negative effects on school climate (Ortega-Barón, Buelga, & Cava, 2016; Wang, La Salle, Wu, Do, & Sullivan, 2018) and on the health and well-being of adolescents (Cava, Povedano, Buelga, & Musitu, 2015; Randa, Reyns, & Nobles, 2019; Watson, Rapee, & Todorov, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness and Loneliness in Peer-Victimized Adolescents

León-Moreno

Martínez–Ferrer

Ruiz

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationships between forgiveness, motivations for revenge, avoidance, and benevolence; loneliness, emotional loneliness and positive subjective evaluation of the social network; and peer victimization in schools, relational, overt physical, and overt verbal, based on gender. A battery of instruments was administered to 617 Spanish students (50.7% boys and 49.3% girls), aged between 10 and 16 years ( M = 13.04 years, SD = 1.80 years) from primary and secondary education. A multivariate analysis of variance and a multiple block regression for data analysis was used. Study results revealed that the most victimized students showed greater motivation for revenge and avoidance, as well as a greater perception of emotional loneliness and less positive subjective evaluation of their social network. In addition, the findings obtained in the regression analysis (stepwise) indicated that being a boy between 11 and 13 years old and having a high level of emotional loneliness and high avoidance motivation were the most important predictors of peer victimization. Finally, the findings and their possible implications in the design of intervention projects that encourage forgiveness in interpersonal conflicts and integration in social networks as preventive strategies of peer victimization were discussed.

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Resentment or Forgiveness? The Assessment of Forgivingness Among Italian Adolescents

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

The Effects of Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Self-Control on Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Bullying

The Effects of Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Self-Control on Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Bullying

Forgiving Adolescents: Far From Depression, Close to Well-Being

Forgiveness and Loneliness in Peer-Victimized Adolescents

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