Reservoir characterization of a CO2 storage aquifer: The Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation in the Northeast German Basin

Förster, Andrea; Schöner, Robert; Förster, Hans‐Jürgen; Norden, Ben; Blaschke, A.-W.; Luckert, J.; Beutler, G.; Gaupp, Reinhard; Rhede, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.07.010

Cited by 105 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A shoulder on the 001 peak (towards lower 2h) of chlorite at 6.2°2h (d = 14.3 Å ) may indicate the presence of smectite. A small peak at 24.16°2h (d = 3.68 Å ) matches the 012 peak of haematite, as reported by Förster et al (2010).…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Of the Bulk Samplesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…3c, d (cf. also Förster et al 2010). Clay minerals also grow in pits formed during dissolution, alteration and/or secondary precipitation processes (Fig.…”

Section: Sediment Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This shallower reservoir is sealed by argillaceous sediments of Tertiary age. One injection well for CO 2 -injection (Ktzi 201) and two observation The injection and observation wells were drilled to depths of 750-800 m (Prevedel et al 2008;Schilling et al 2009;Förster et al 2010;Würdemann et al 2010). In 2011, an additional (fourth) shallow well (P300) was drilled ca.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival

et al. 2017

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Reactive iron (Fe) oxides and sheet silicatebound Fe in reservoir rocks may affect the subsurface storage of CO 2 through several processes by changing the capacity to buffer the acidification by CO 2 and the permeability of the reservoir rock: (1) the reduction of threevalent Fe in anoxic environments can lead to an increase in pH, (2) under sulphidic conditions, Fe may drive sulphur cycling and lead to the formation of pyrite, and (3) the leaching of Fe from sheet silicates may affect silicate diagenesis. In order to evaluate the importance of Fe-reduction on the CO 2 reservoir, we analysed the Fe geochemistry in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation (Schilfsandstein) recovered from the monitoring well at the CO 2 test injection site near Ketzin, Germany.The reservoir rock is a porous, poorly to moderately cohesive fluvial sandstone containing up to 2-4 wt% reactive Fe. Based on a sequential extraction, most Fe falls into the dithionite-extractable Fe-fraction and Fe bound to sheet silicates, whereby some Fe in the dithionite-extractable Fe-fraction may have been leached from illite and smectite. Illite and smectite were detected in core samples by X-ray diffraction and confirmed as the main Fe-containing mineral phases by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chlorite is also present, but likely does not contribute much to the high amount of Fe in the silicate-bound fraction. The organic carbon content of the reservoir rock is extremely low (\0.3 wt%), thus likely limiting microbial Fe-reduction or sulphate reduction despite relatively high concentrations of reactive Fe-mineral phases in the reservoir rock and sulphate in the reservoir fluid. Both processes could, however, be fuelled by organic matter that is mobilized by This article is part of a Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on ''Subsurface Energy storage'', guest-edited by

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Section: X-ray Diffraction Of the Bulk Samplesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…3c, d (cf. also Förster et al 2010). Clay minerals also grow in pits formed during dissolution, alteration and/or secondary precipitation processes (Fig.…”

Section: Sediment Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival

et al. 2017

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“…The chemical system chosen for the validation reflects the analyses published by Förster et al (2010), Norden et al (2010) and Würdemann et al (2010) and is based on the model for the Ketzin test site published by Klein et al (2013). The chosen model displays a typical complexity for CO 2 storage problems; there is no need and no claim of being an accurate quantitative reference for the site, nor to investigate its plausibility or the quality of the thermodynamic database adopted for the simulations.…”

Section: Geochemical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> storage systems

2015

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Abstract. Fully coupled, multi-phase reactive transport simulations of CO 2 storage systems can be approximated by a simplified one-way coupling of hydrodynamics and reactive chemistry. The main characteristics of such systems, and hypotheses underlying the proposed alternative coupling, are (i) that the presence of CO 2 is the only driving force for chemical reactions and (ii) that its migration in the reservoir is only marginally affected by immobilisation due to chemical reactions. In the simplified coupling, the exposure time to CO 2 of each element of the hydrodynamic grid is estimated by non-reactive simulations and the reaction path of one single batch geochemical model is applied to each grid element during its exposure time. In heterogeneous settings, analytical scaling relationships provide the dependency of velocity and amount of reactions to porosity and gas saturation. The analysis of TOUGHREACT fully coupled reactive transport simulations of CO 2 injection in saline aquifer, inspired to the Ketzin pilot site (Germany), both in homogeneous and heterogeneous settings, confirms that the reaction paths predicted by fully coupled simulations in every element of the grid show a high degree of self-similarity. A threshold value for the minimum concentration of dissolved CO 2 considered chemically active is shown to mitigate the effects of the discrepancy between dissolved CO 2 migration in non-reactive and fully coupled simulations. In real life, the optimal threshold value is unknown and has to be estimated, e.g. by means of 1-D or 2-D simulations, resulting in an uncertainty ultimately due to the process de-coupling. However, such uncertainty is more than acceptable given that the alternative coupling enables using grids of the order of millions of elements, profiting from much better description of heterogeneous reservoirs at a fraction of the calculation time of fully coupled models.

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“…The storage site is part of an anticlinal structure in the northeast German Basin (Figure 1, [17,18]). The sandstone reservoir is located at a depth of 630 m-650 m below the injection site in the upper part of the Triassic Stuttgart Formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO₂Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site

Götz

Krawczyk

Cosma³

2014

International Journal of Geophysics

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At the CO 2 storage pilot site near the town of Ketzin (35 km west of Berlin, Germany) the sandstone reservoir at 630 m-650 m depth is thin and heterogeneous. The time-lapse analysis of zero-offset VSP measurements shows that CO 2 -induced amplitude changes can be observed on near-well corridor stacks. Further, we investigate whether CO 2 -induced amplitude changes in the monitoring data can be used to derive geometrical and petrophysical parameters governing the migration of CO 2 within a brine saturated sandstone aquifer. 2D seismic-elastic modelling is done to test the processing workflow and to perform a wedge modelling study for estimation of the vertical expansion of the CO 2 plume. When using the NRMS error as a measure for the similarity between the modelled and recorded repeat traces, the best match is achieved for a plume thickness of 6-7 m within the reservoir sandstone of 8 m thickness. With band limited impedance inversion a velocity reduction at the top of the reservoir of 30%, influenced by casing reverberations as well as CO 2 injection, is found. The relation of seismic amplitude to CO 2 saturated layer thickness and CO 2 -induced changes in P-wave velocities are important parameters for the quantification of the injected CO 2 volume.

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Reservoir characterization of a CO2 storage aquifer: The Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation in the Northeast German Basin

Cited by 105 publications

References 24 publications

Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival

Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> storage systems

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO₂Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site

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Reservoir characterization of a CO2 storage aquifer: The Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation in the Northeast German Basin

Cited by 105 publications

References 24 publications

Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival

Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Fe-phases in drill-cores from the Triassic Stuttgart Formation at Ketzin CO2 storage site before CO2 arrival

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; storage systems

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO2Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> storage systems

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO₂Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site