Reservoir fluid mobility extraction based on synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform

Fundamentals and potentials of solid-state nanopores: a review

“…For nanopores with a varying cross-sectional area, e.g. hourglass pores, L eff can be used instead of h for the h > L eff case, while equation ( 6) remains valid for the h < L eff case [39,71].…”

“…According to experiment and simulation, not only the surface charge on the nanopore sidewall but also that on the membrane near the nanopore opening contribute to the conductance significantly when the pore size is comparable to the Dukhin length [73,73]. By measuring G of a nanopore in electrolytes of different ρ and subsequently fitting the measurement data based on the model above, the critical length of the nanopore and σ s can be readily extracted [39,61,71,74]. In practice, more charge can be induced on the membrane surface at higher bias voltage, which will also contribute to the surface conductance and modulate the I-V behaviour of the nanopore [75].…”

“…MΩ resistors [133] or MoS 2 transistors [8], for nanopore power generators are of importance for practical applications. Interestingly, the tiny power generated by an individual nanopore is found sufficient to drive the translocation of DNA and proteins, which can be a beneficial phenomenon for nanopore sensing without needing external bias modules [71].…”

“…Several other attempts have also been reported, including integration of 264 biological nanopores in a 1 mm × 1 mm chip [262]; assembly of 16 nanopipettes on one chip with a 16-channel current amplifier [263]; fabrication of arrayed cylindrical nanopores in SiN x membrane and graphene based on conventional electron beam lithography and dry etching [264,265]; and fabrication of arrays of truncated-pyramidal nanopores in silicon membrane by exploiting the distinct etch rates of the <100> and <111> crystal planes of silicon [28]. The latter technique has been further developed for much thinner silicon membranes to realise sub-5 nm nanopore arrays with better process controllability [39,71]. Of particular importance is the potential of fabricating nanopore arrays along with the readout electronics in foundry-based semiconductor manufacturing facilities.…”