Reservoir of quinolone residues in fish

Steffenak, I.; Hormazábal, Víctor; Yndestad, Magne

doi:10.1080/02652039109374035

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In contrast, very few studies on the pharmacokinetics of the quinolones in fishes treated with multiple doses of medicated feed and reared under field conditions have been carried out (27,32,35). Moreover, previous studies (11) have very seldom taken into consideration the muscle plus the skin matrix and/or the sum of the levels of the enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in fish tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Long Depletion Time of Enrofloxacin in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Lucchetti

Fabrizi

Guandalini

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The international production of farmed fish has been growing continuously over recent years. Until now few veterinary drugs have been approved by the European Union for use in aquaculture, and this has favored the off-label use of products authorized for use in food-producing animal species different from fishes among fish farmers. Adequate field studies are lacking, especially for those species called minor species which are consumed extensively only in some European countries. In the present investigation we studied the depletion of the fluoroquinolone antibacterial enrofloxacin over time in a minor species, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), reared on a real fish farm and treated with medicated feed (10 mg kg of trout body weight ؊1 day ؊1 ). Edible tissue samples (muscle plus skin in natural proportions) and fish bone samples were analyzed for enrofloxacin and for its major metabolite, ciprofloxacin, by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection at different times after the end of treatment. Our results show that at 500°C-day (in which degree-days are calculated by multiplying the mean daily water temperature by the total number of days on which the temperature was measured), which is the minimum withdrawal period established by European Economic Commission Directive No. 82/2001 for any type of product administered off-label, edible trout tissues might still contain about 170 g of enrofloxacin kg ؊1 , whereas the maximum residue level for enrofloxacin plus ciprofloxacin is set at 100 g kg ؊1 . To our knowledge, no studies of the depletion of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout have been performed. On the basis of the data obtained in the present study, we suggest a more appropriate withdrawal time of 816°C-day for the sum of enrofloxacin plus ciprofloxacin levels in rainbow trout muscle plus skin tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1b). Some microbiological, metabolism and pharmacokinetic aspects of enrofloxacin have been reported from previous studies with fishes (3,4,11,25,26,29,33); however, very few data on enrofloxacin depletion in fishes reared under field conditions are available (11,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Depletion Time of Enrofloxacin in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Lucchetti

Fabrizi

Guandalini

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Previous studies of flumequine pharmacokinetics have also shown an increase of flumequine levels in the terminal depletion phase (Hansen & Horsberg 1999). Steffenak et al (1991) reported an increase in liver oxolinic acid concentration in the late depletion phase after salmon was subjected to stress, and also demonstrated leakage from flumequine reservoirs when the salmon was subjected to cooking (Steffenak et al 1994). Release of flumequine from bone and other reservoirs may therefore explain the small rise in the flumequine level in the terminal depletion phase found in our study.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The affinity of flumequine for skin can be explained by melanin's capacity to bind drugs (Potts 1963, Ullberg et al 1970, Lindquist & Ullberg 1972, Larsson 1993, Fukuda & Sasaki 1994, Howells et al 1994, Salazarbookaman et al 1994. Several studies have reported residues of flumequine and other fluoroquinolones in bone and skin for a long time after the level is below detection in plasma/muscle (Steffenak et al 1991, van der Heijden et al 1993, Elema et al 1994, Martinsen et al 1994.…”

Section: Skin Eye Bilementioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of 14C-flumequine in eel Anguilla anguilla, turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus after oral and intravenous administration

Hansen

Ingebrigtsen²,

Wl³

et al. 2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The absorption, distribution and elimination of 14 C-labelled flumequine were studied using whole body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. Flumequine was administered to eel Anguilla anguilla, turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus intravenously and orally as a single dose of 5 mg kg . The turbot and halibut studies were performed in salt water (salinity of 32 ‰) at temperatures of 16 ± 1°C (turbot) and 9.5 ± 0.5°C (halibut). The eel study was conducted in fresh water at 23 ± 1°C. In the intravenously administered groups flumequine was rapidly distributed to all major tissues and organs. After oral administration flumequine also appeared to have rapid and extensive absorption and distribution in all 3 species. After the distribution phase, the level of flumequine was higher in most organs and tissues than in the blood, except in muscle and brain. The most noticeable difference between the species was the slow elimination of flumequine from eel compared to turbot and halibut. In orally administered eels, substantial amounts of flumequine remained in all major organs/tissues for 7 d. At 28 d significant levels of flumequine were present in liver, kidney and skin (with traces in muscle), and at the last sampling point (56 d) in eye, bone, bile and posterior intestine. In orally administered turbot significant levels of flumequine were observed over 96 h in bile, urine, bone, skin, intestine and eye, and traces were detected over 28 d in bone and eye in addition to a significant level in bile. In orally administered halibut, significant levels of flumequine were observed in bile, skin, intestine and eye over 96 h. Traces were present in skin and eye over 7 d. The maximal flumequine concentrations in blood were calculated to be 2.5 mg equivalents l -1 (eel at 12 h), 0.8 mg l -1 (turbot at 6 h) and 0.6 mg l -1 (halibut at 6 h) after oral administration.

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“…According to some reports, fluoroquinolone residues are mainly found in the skin and bones of fish 26 causing considerable damage to articular cartilage and bones of young animals. 27 The mechanism of damage induced by fluoroquinolones to cartilage is unclear.…”

Section: Drug-induced Damage and Recovery In Three Tissues Of A Baeriimentioning

confidence: 99%

Rule of accumulation of enrofloxacin in Acipenser baerii and drug-induced damage to the tissues

Wang

Lü

2016

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Enrofloxacin (ENX) has been widely used in the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in sturgeon aquaculture due to its characteristics of wide antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial activity, less toxicity and fewer side effects, rapid action, extensive in vivo distribution, and little cross-resistance with other antibiotics. However, the spinal abnormality was found in Acipenser baerii soon after ENX administration, which resulted an ''S''-shaped curvature of the spine and retarded fish growth. It was still not clear whether ENX could cause spinal abnormality in sturgeons by now. The aim of this work was to determine the accumulation rule and toxicity of ENX to A. baerii when used at a high dose and/or unusually long durations. Here, ENX was orally given to A. baerii for 3-5 d continuously at the dosage of 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg once daily, respectively. The accumulation of ENX in blood, liver, kidney, and cartilage was detected after withdrawal, and the tissues were made into sections for morphological examination. The results showed that the levels of ENX increased in the four tissues with the increase of dose and duration, and the ENX level in serum was far lower than that in other tissues. At 240 h, ENX levels in the four tissues decreased significantly. The histology indicated that the liver, kidney, and cartilage began to show structural damages at 5 d after withdrawal of 40 mg/kg ENX. The damage was aggravated at 3-5 d after withdrawal of 80 mg/kg ENX. At 240 h, the damaged tissues showed signs of recovery. These results suggested that ENX should be no more than 40 mg/kg and that exposure time should not be greater than 5 d to prevent liver, kidney, and cartilage damage. More attention should be paid to the impact of ENX on the occurrence and development of chondrocytes in juvenile A. baerii and the potential damage to the cartilage.

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Reservoir of quinolone residues in fish

Cited by 47 publications

References 4 publications

Long Depletion Time of Enrofloxacin in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Long Depletion Time of Enrofloxacin in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Disposition of 14C-flumequine in eel Anguilla anguilla, turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus after oral and intravenous administration

Rule of accumulation of enrofloxacin in Acipenser baerii and drug-induced damage to the tissues

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