Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in the context of One Health

Despotovic, Milena; Nies, Laura de; Busi, Susheel Bhanu; Wilmes, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2023.102291

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is a concerning aspect regarding the use of these antibiotics as they come into contact with animals and humans, increasing the risk of human exposure and resistance development in pathogens ( 46 ). The reason behind preferring broad-spectrum antibiotics could be multifaceted but given these preferences, the situation appears alarming because, instead of prescribing these critical antibiotics in low frequency, the respondents have made them their top choices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobials use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district

Dhayal,

Rehman,

Krishnan

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant public health threat, and understanding the awareness and practices of healthcare professionals is crucial for its mitigation. Since the animal sector plays a key role in India’s economy, we decided to explore the understanding of Antimicrobial Use (AMU) and AMR among veterinary professionals.MethodsThe study aimed to evaluate the awareness and behavior of veterinarians and para-veterinarians working in the Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, India, concerning AMU and AMR. Questionnaire surveys were administered to them with closed-ended questions. The data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis to derive meaningful insights. The key findings highlight notable differences in certain behavioral aspects of antibiotic prescription among the two groups.Results and DiscussionIt appears that 53.8% of veterinarians as compared to 25.8% para-veterinarians do not surely inform farmers about the importance of adhering to antibiotic withdrawal periods, thereby failing to raise awareness about proper antibiotic use. Moreover, para-veterinarians (46.6%) tend to engage less in evidence-based antibiotic prescription than veterinarians (81%). Furthermore, both groups exhibit a lower frequency of advice on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (ABST), essential for informed prescribing decisions. Most significantly, both groups show a tendency to prefer critically important antibiotics for prescription, raising concerns about the escalating threat of AMR. This study thus emphasizes the areas that need targeted interventions to enhance responsible antimicrobial usage and curb the growth of AMR in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobials use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district

Dhayal,

Rehman,

Krishnan

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…This is not only crucial due to therapeutic failures in veterinary medicine but also in human medicine. Studies have shown that these strains can circulate in the environment and be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa [ 38 ]. Therefore, it is essential to assess the presence of this resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region

Marco-Fuertes,

Marin,

Gimeno-Cardona

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) among microorganisms to commonly used antibiotics is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Companion animals play a significant role in the epidemiology of AMR, as their population is continuously increasing, posing a risk of disseminating AMR, particularly to strains of public health importance, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AMR and MDR in commensal and infection-causing Staphylococcus spp. in dogs and cats in Valencia region. For this purpose, 271 samples were taken from veterinary centers to assess antimicrobial susceptibility against 20 antibiotics, including some of the most important antibiotics for the treatment of Staphylococcus infections, including the five last resort antibiotics in this list. Of all the samples, 187 Staphylococcus spp. strains were recovered from asymptomatic and skin-diseased dogs and cats, of which S. pseudintermedius (≈60%) was more prevalent in dogs, while S. felis (≈50%) was more prevalent in cats. In the overall analysis of the isolates, AMR was observed for all antibiotics tested, including those crucial in human medicine. Furthermore, over 70% and 30% of the strains in dogs and cats, respectively, exhibited MDR. This study highlights the significance of monitoring the trends in AMR and MDR among companion animals. The potential contribution of these animals to the dissemination of AMR and its resistance genes to humans, other animals, and their shared environment underscores the necessity for adopting a One Health approach.

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“…These shared environments represent key crossover points by which resistant bacteria and ARGs can spread across various reservoirs, including clinical, agricultural and environmental reservoirs ( Stanton et al, 2020 ). Consequently, AMR presents itself not only as a public health challenge, but also as a One Health issue ( McEwen & Collignon, 2018 ; Collignon & McEwen, 2019 ; Despotovic et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic assembly is the main bottleneck in the identification of mobile genetic elements

Kerkvliet,

Bossers,

Kers

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) are commonly found on acquired mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids or transposons. Understanding the spread of resistance genes associated with mobile elements (mARGs) across different hosts and environments requires linking ARGs to the existing mobile reservoir within bacterial communities. However, reconstructing mARGs in metagenomic data from diverse ecosystems poses computational challenges, including genome fragment reconstruction (assembly), high-throughput annotation of MGEs, and identification of their association with ARGs. Recently, several bioinformatics tools have been developed to identify assembled fragments of plasmids, phages, and insertion sequence (IS) elements in metagenomic data. These methods can help in understanding the dissemination of mARGs. To streamline the process of identifying mARGs in multiple samples, we combined these tools in an automated high-throughput open-source pipeline, MetaMobilePicker, that identifies ARGs associated with plasmids, IS elements and phages, starting from short metagenomic sequencing reads. This pipeline was used to identify these three elements on a simplified simulated metagenome dataset, comprising whole genome sequences from seven clinically relevant bacterial species containing 55 ARGs, nine plasmids and five phages. The results demonstrated moderate precision for the identification of plasmids (0.57) and phages (0.71), and moderate sensitivity of identification of IS elements (0.58) and ARGs (0.70). In this study, we aim to assess the main causes of this moderate performance of the MGE prediction tools in a comprehensive manner. We conducted a systematic benchmark, considering metagenomic read coverage, contig length cutoffs and investigating the performance of the classification algorithms. Our analysis revealed that the metagenomic assembly process is the primary bottleneck when linking ARGs to identified MGEs in short-read metagenomics sequencing experiments rather than ARGs and MGEs identification by the different tools.

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Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in the context of One Health

Cited by 43 publications

References 56 publications

Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobials use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district

Accessing the behavior and awareness of veterinary professionals towards antimicrobials use and antimicrobial resistance in Indian district

Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region

Metagenomic assembly is the main bottleneck in the identification of mobile genetic elements

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