Resident-Invader Phylogenetic Relatedness, Not Resident Phylogenetic Diversity, Controls Community Invasibility

Tan, Jiaqi; Pu, Zhichao; Ryberg, Wade A.; Jiang, Lin

doi:10.1086/681584

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…), and between alien and native species (Jiang, Tan & Pu ; Dostál ; Godoy, Kraft & Levine ; Tan et al . ). However, the findings of these studies are rather mixed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants

Feng

Kleunen

2016

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. Disentangling direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants is essential to understanding the success of alien plants in multispecies communities, but studies have only focused on direct pairwise interactions. Moreover, it is also essential to explore phylogenetic and functional mechanisms driving these interactions. 2. In a greenhouse experiment, we selected nine groups of alien and native plant species from the herbaceous flora of Germany to disentangle their direct and indirect interactions. Each group had an alien (A) that is common or rare in Germany (i.e. non-native range), two natives that are phylogenetically closely related (N close ) and distantly related (N dist ) to A respectively, and a distantly related "target" native (T). We grew the four species of each group alone, and in two-species and three-species combinations. Specifically, we tested whether competition is greater between A and N close than between A and N dist , whether presence of N close rather than N dist indirectly alleviates competition of A on T, and whether these interaction patterns depend on commonness of A. Moreover, we tested how intensity of these interactions is explained by phylogenetic distance, functional traits (height, seed mass, SLA, leaf size, specific root length, leaf area ratio, root length ratio (root length/plant mass), shoot weight ratio) and traits-based functional distance. 3. We found A had stronger competition on N close than on N dist . In turn, A was more suppressed by N close than by N dist , but this was only true for rare rather than common A. The presence of N dist rather than N close indirectly reduced competition of A on T. The intensity of these interactions was not explained by phylogenetic or functional distance, but by some of the functional traits. Specifically, a plant experienced stronger competition when it was shorter and had smaller leaves and lower shoot weight ratio, and when its neighbours were taller, had greater SLA, leaf area ratio and shoot weight ratio, and had a lower root length ratio. 4. Synthesis. Functional traits can help explain competitive interactions. While direct competition tended to be stronger between more closely related alien and native plants, this did not indirectly facilitate other co-occurring native plants.

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“…), and between alien and native species (Jiang, Tan & Pu ; Dostál ; Godoy, Kraft & Levine ; Tan et al . ). However, the findings of these studies are rather mixed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants

Feng

Kleunen

2016

Journal of Ecology

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“…The success of introduced species has generally been shown to increase with phylogenetic distance to the native species (Rejmánek in Californian grasses, Lockwood et al for other plants, and Van Wilgen and Richardson for North American animal groups). However, studies linking relatedness with invasion spread and impacts have been less conclusive (Schaefer et al , Park and Potter , vs Ricciardi and Atkinson , Strauss et al , Tan et al ). This suggests that phylogenetic relatedness could potentially be used to screen for introduced species at risk of becoming established in a region, but will not necessarily also reflect how likely a given species is to spread and have a large impact on the native community.…”

Section: ) Which Species Are More Invasive?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The community ecology of invasive species: where are we and what's next?

2016

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Alien species are continually introduced in most regions of the world, but not all survive and coexist with the resident native species. Approaches analyzing the functional (or phylogenetic) similarity between invasive species and native communities are increasingly employed to infer the processes underlying successful invasions and to predict future invaders. The relatively simple conceptual foundations have made these approaches very appealing and therefore widely used, often leading to confusion and hampering generalizations. We undertook a comprehensive review and synthesis of the functional similarity approach in invasion community ecology to clarify its advantages and limitations, to summarize what has been learned thus far, and to suggest avenues for future improvement. We first present the methodological state of the art and provide general guidelines. Second, by organizing the published literature around seven key questions in invasion ecology we found cumulative evidence that: at large spatial scales phylogenetic relatedness of invasive and native species is a good predictor of invasion success, but a poor predictor of invasion impacts; at fine spatial scales, community resistance to invasion tends to increase with native species diversity and with similarity to the invaders, consistent with patterns emerging from biotic interactions. In general, the processes filtering invaders appear to vary across species’ invasion stage and along environmental gradients. Nonetheless, we found conflicting evidence for differences in community assembly processes between invasive and native species, and between the invader's native and adventive ranges. Finally, we propose four important avenues for overcoming some of the identified methodological and conceptual limitations of the approach, in particular by integrating observational and experimental analyses and by explicitly considering species’ demographic rates and complex biotic interactions. Although the functional similarity approach bears intrinsic limitations, it still offers many opportunities in invasion community ecology at large spatial scales.

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“…For instance, phylogenetic distance may have stronger effects as native diversity increases and thereby more niche space is occupied. However, very few studies have considered the potential confounding effects of native diversity when testing for Darwin's naturalisation hypothesis (but see Tan, Pu, Ryberg, & Jiang, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Darwin’s naturalisation hypothesis and Elton’s diversity–invasibility hypothesis in experimental grassland communities

2018

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Darwin’s naturalisation hypothesis posing that phylogenetic distance of alien species to native residents predicts invasion success, and Elton’s diversity–invasibility hypothesis posing that diversity of native communities confers resistance to invasion, are both rooted in ideas of species coexistence. Because the two hypotheses are inherently linked, the mechanisms underlying them may interact in driving the invasion success. Even so, these links and interactions have not been explicitly disentangled in one experimental study before. To disentangle the links between the two hypotheses, we used 36 native grassland herbs to create greenhouse mesocosms with 90 grassland communities of different diversities, and introduced each of five herbaceous alien species as seeds and seedlings. We used phylogeny and four functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf size, and seed mass) to calculate different measures of phylogenetic and functional distance and diversity. Specifically, we tested how the alien–native distance (phylogenetic or functional) and the native diversity (phylogenetic or functional) affected each other in their effects on germination, seedling survival, growth, and reproduction of the aliens. Overall, our results supported both hypotheses. Multivariate functional distance based on four traits jointly had stronger positive effects than phylogenetic distance and the univariate ones based on each trait separately. Moreover, the aliens were more successful if they were more competitive by being taller and having larger leaves with a lower SLA than the native residents. Univariate functional diversity based on each trait separately had stronger negative effects than phylogenetic and multivariate functional diversity. Most importantly, we found that the effects of alien–native phylogenetic and multivariate functional distance became stronger as diversity increased. Our analyses with single traits also showed that the strength of the effects of both alien–native hierarchical functional distances (indicative of competitive inequalities) and absolute functional distances (indicative of niche differences) increased at higher diversities, where competition is more severe. Synthesis. Our study explicitly demonstrates for the first time how the mechanisms underlying the two classical invasion hypotheses interact in driving invasion success in grassland communities. This may help to explain some of the puzzling results of studies testing either of the two hypotheses.

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Resident-Invader Phylogenetic Relatedness, Not Resident Phylogenetic Diversity, Controls Community Invasibility

Cited by 33 publications

References 71 publications

Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants

Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants

The community ecology of invasive species: where are we and what's next?

Linking Darwin’s naturalisation hypothesis and Elton’s diversity–invasibility hypothesis in experimental grassland communities

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