Residential exposure to chromium waste—urine biological monitoring in conjunction with environmental exposure monitoring

Stern, Alan H.; Freeman, Natalie; Pleban, Patricia A.; Boesch, Robert; Wainman, Thomas; Howell, Timothy; Shupack, Saul I.; Johnson, Branden B.; Lioy, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80211-7

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A series of studies was conducted to determine the influence of chromate production waste sites and waste site remediation of residential chromium concentrations and the exposure of individuals who lived near the waste sites (20,51,(144)(145)(146). These studies were conducted in Jersey City over a 10-year period.…”

Section: Application Of Household Dust To Exposure/source Characterizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust: a metric for use in residential and building exposure assessment and source characterization.

Lioy

Freeman

Millette

2002

Environ Health Perspect

252

173

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In this review, we examine house dust and residential soil and their use for identifying sources and the quantifying levels of toxicants for the estimation of exposure. We answer critical questions that focus on the selection of samples or sampling strategies for collection and discuss areas of uncertainty and gaps in knowledge. We discuss the evolution of dust sampling with a special emphasis on work conducted after the publication of the 1992 review by McArthur [Appl Occup Environ Hyg 7(9):599-606 (1992)]. The approaches to sampling dust examined include surface wipe sampling, vacuum sampling, and other sampling approaches, including attic sampling. The metrics of presentation of results for toxicants in dust surface loading (micrograms per square centimeter) or surface concentration (micrograms per gram) are discussed. We evaluate these metrics in terms of how the information can be used in source characterization and in exposure characterization. We discuss the types of companion information on source use and household or personal activity patterns required to assess the significance of the dust exposure. The status and needs for wipe samplers, surface samplers, and vacuum samplers are summarized with some discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of each type of sampler. We also discuss needs for research and development and the current status of standardization. Case studies are provided to illustrate the use of house dust and residential soil in source characterization, forensic analyses, or human exposure assessment.

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Section: Application Of Household Dust To Exposure/source Characterizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust: a metric for use in residential and building exposure assessment and source characterization.

Lioy

Freeman

Millette

2002

Environ Health Perspect

252

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a study comparing urinary chromium levels of a population residing on or adjacent to sites having soils that contain chromite-ore processing residue, and a control population living near no known chromite-ore processing residue sites, Stern et al (1992) reported an "association between elevated exposure to chromium in household dust and elevated chromium concentration in urine" which is "consistent with environmental exposure to the chromate production waste." This conclusion was based on the observation of a statistically greater creatine-corrected urine chromium (Cr/c) level in the exposed subgroup, which resided in households having a chromium mass in wipe samples at or above the 75th percentile, as compared to urine chromium levels in the control (unexposed) group (0.31 /ig/g vs. 0/18 /ig/g).…”

Section: Previous Biomonitoring Studies Of People Exposed To Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a biological monitoring program to assess community exposure to chromium: Conclusions of an expert panel

Anderson¹,

Colton²,

Doull³

et al. 1993

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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The possible benefits of biological monitoring of large groups of people potentially exposed to environmental contaminants has become an area of much interest in recent years. Because chromite-ore processing residue has been found in some soils in northern New Jersey, urinary chromium monitoring of people in the community was evaluated as a potentially useful tool. In an attempt to identify those who could be exposed and to quantify the magnitude of exposure to the chromium in these soils, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) initiated a public health screening project. In 1992, the NJDOH proposed to evaluate over 4000 people who lived or worked near these sites. Volunteers were administered a questionnaire and were given a limited physical examination, and a single spot urine sample was collected. Because of the difficulties in using urinary chromium to assess low-level exposure and the potential implications of any regulatory decisions that could be based on the results of this project, a panel of experts was convened to evaluate the protocol. The panel consisted of five scientists and physicians with expertise in toxicology, dermatology, epidemiology, biological monitoring, and analytical chemistry. Like a World Health Organization group, the panel concluded that although urine biomonitoring can be useful in evaluating high levels of exposure to chromium, it is not reliable for assessing low-level exposure similar to that which may have occurred in northern New Jersey. The panel also noted that when urinary biomonitoring is to be used to assess the public's possible exposure, a large number of precautions must be taken to ensure the accuracy and usefulness of the results. The single most important recommendation was to collect a second, and perhaps a third, spot urine (or 24-h urine) sample before concluding that a person may be routinely overexposed. These suggestions are applicable to designing a biomonitoring program for nearly any environmental contaminant to which a community may be exposed. A review of scientific literature associated with biological monitoring of chromium is provided.

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“…Biomarker data have been collected for children to evaluate environmental exposures to lead (56), benzene (57), arsenic (58), chromium (59)(60)(61), and pesticides (62,63). Most recently, the Minnesota NHEXAS children's pesticide exposure study collected urine samples from children on three alternate days and analyzed them for metabolites of chlorpyrifos, malathion, atrazine, and diazinon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's Exposure Assessment: A Review of Factors Influencing Children's Exposure, and the Data Available to Characterize and Assess That Exposure

Hubal¹,

Sheldon²,

Burke³

et al. 2000

Environ Health Perspect

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228

156

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Residential exposure to chromium waste—urine biological monitoring in conjunction with environmental exposure monitoring

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Dust: a metric for use in residential and building exposure assessment and source characterization.

Dust: a metric for use in residential and building exposure assessment and source characterization.

Designing a biological monitoring program to assess community exposure to chromium: Conclusions of an expert panel

Children's Exposure Assessment: A Review of Factors Influencing Children's Exposure, and the Data Available to Characterize and Assess That Exposure

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