Residential segregation and mortality in New York City

Fang, Jing; Madhavan, Shantha; Bosworth, William; Alderman, Michael H.

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00128-2

Cited by 166 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…And, several studies have demonstrated that African-American communities were more likely to be targeted for tobacco consumption compared to white communities. 36,37 Other studies have demonstrated a link between segregation and health disparities across a variety of unrelated health outcomes, such as infant mortality, 29,39,40 adult mortality, 30,[41][42][43] tuberculosis, 38,44 and hospital admissions. 45 However, segregation has not been well studied as a potential source of confounding, but it is potentially a substantial problem, which can lead to erroneous conclusions about the etiology of racial disparities in health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities: Overview of the EHDIC Study

et al. 2007

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Progress in understanding the nature of health disparities requires data that are race-comparative while overcoming confounding between race, socioeconomic status, and segregation. The Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities (EHDIC) study is a multisite cohort study that will address these confounders by examining the nature of health disparities within racially integrated communities without racial disparities in socioeconomic status. Data consisted of a structured questionnaire and blood pressure measurements collected from a sample of the adult population (age 18 and older) of two racially integrated contiguous census tracts. This manuscript reports on baseline results from the first EHDIC site, a low-income urban community in southwest Baltimore, Maryland (EHDIC-SWB). In the adjusted models, African Americans had lower rates of smoking and fair or poor self-rated health than whites, but no race differences in obesity, drinking, or physical inactivity. Our findings indicate that accounting for race differences in exposure to social conditions reduces or eliminates some health-related disparities. Moreover, these findings suggest that solutions to the seemingly intractable health disparities problem that target social determinants may be effective, especially those factors that are confounded with racial segregation. Future research in the area of health disparities should seek ways to account for confounding from SES and segregation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities: Overview of the EHDIC Study

et al. 2007

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The adverse effects on health are felt to occur through poorer residential area quality and its effects on health behaviors and health care, independent of individual and/or area level socioeconomic status (SES). 2 The studies cited above used various measures to define segregation, ranging from population composition 6,7,11,12 to more formally defined measures. [3][4][5][8][9][10] Though the use of population composition as a proxy for segregation is neither technically nor conceptually the same as the formal constructs, the studies that used population composition as a measure of segregation 6,7,11 have also found that black mortality rates are higher in areas with a high proportion of blacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The segregation literature, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] for the most part, has used large geographical areas as the unit of analysis or has compared smaller areas across a broad geography but generally not focused on the local impacts of segregation that result in areas with both low and high residential race/ethnic minority concentrations within a metropolitan area. One exception is a study by Fang and colleagues, 12 which examined the impact of local race concentration on mortality using 1990 census and mortality data from New York City (NYC). This study found that within a residentially segregated city, whites and blacks living in zip code areas where they were the predominant race had lower mortality rates than persons of other races within their community and persons of their same race who resided in other areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residential Segregation and Latino, Black and White Mortality in New York City

Inagami

Borrell²,

Wong³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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“…It also affects intergroup connections in society. 4 Many papers have explored the effects of living in more segregated communities on health disparities and the links between residential segregation and health outcomes, including the relation between racial residential segregation and overall death, 5,6 tuberculosis, 7 cardiovascular diseases, 8 high body mass index, 9 pre-term birth in black populations, 10 and also social outcomes such as early adolescent sexual activity, 11,12 black homicide rates, 13,14 poor self-rated health, 9,15 access to employment, educational inequalities, crime, and other aspects of social and economical well-being. 16 So far, our literature review has shown that the relation between segregation and disability has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Residential Segregation and Disability: A Multilevel Study Using Iranian Census Data

et al. 2012

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The association of racial segregation and health outcomes has been reviewed recently in the literature, but the health effect of other contexts of segregation with respect to residential environment has not as yet been fully reviewed. Besides, most of the literature on segregation has been performed in Western countries. Here, we undertake a multilevel analysis of residential segregation of socioeconomic and demographic factors and disability rate in an Eastern developing country in order to elucidate the effects of this aspect of segregation on disability rate. The latest Iranian national census in 2006 was used to measure segregation indices and perform the analysis. Information theory index and its ordinal form were applied to measure evenness dimension of segregation of categorical and ordinal variables, respectively. Segregation of contextual and structural characteristics of residential environment, which are important determinants of socioeconomic status in Iran, had different relations with disability rate. Provinces which were segregated by type of occupation of residents, sex, and ownership of a motorcycle had a lower individual disability rate, while age segregation and house ownership had a positive effect on the rate of individual disability in the province. The findings also showed that almost all the aforementioned segregation indices had the same effect on the rate of family disability. The unique contribution of this study is that it considers how segregation with respect to aspects of social characteristics other than race affects health outcomes. Further studies in this regard may reveal new insights into health outcome inequalities.

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Residential segregation and mortality in New York City

Cited by 166 publications

References 19 publications

Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities: Overview of the EHDIC Study

Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities: Overview of the EHDIC Study

Residential Segregation and Latino, Black and White Mortality in New York City

Association of Residential Segregation and Disability: A Multilevel Study Using Iranian Census Data

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