Residual Characteristics of Atrazine and Its Metabolites in the Liaoning Province of China

Abstract

The simultaneous determination of atrazine residue and its metabolites was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in Liaoning Province, China. To ensure agricultural production and environmental safety, their contamination level was assessed. A total of 2142 samples were collected between 2014 and 2020, including 1213 soil samples, 190 surface water samples, and 739 groundwater samples. The overall pollution level and detectable level of the herbicides in Liaoning Province was found to be the highest in soil followed by surface water and groundwater. The residual level of the analytes in the collected samples decreased in the following order: atrazine > hydroxyatrazine > desethylatrazine > desisopropylatrazine. From 2014 to 2020, atrazine was detected in soil and surface water, whereas hydroxyatrazine was found in soil without the selected analytes detected in groundwater. The pollution of atrazine in soil was higher than that of hydroxyatrazine, desethylatrazine, and desisopropylatrazine. To maintain sustainable agricultural development, it is critical to pay attention to the residual determination of atrazine in the environment.

Residues of atrazine and diuron in rice straw, soils, and air post herbicide-contaminated straw biomass burning

“…This mobility has been demonstrated in studies such as Vonberg et al 17 , which analyzed ATZ soil core residues from an agricultural field where ATZ had been applied before its ban in 1991, revealing an ATZ half-life value of about 2 years for the soil zone, significantly exceeding the highest ATZ half-lives found in the literature (433 days for subsurface soils). Similarly, Meng et al 18 observed the detection of ATZ in soil and surface water from 2014 to 2020, while hydroxyatrazine was found in soil without the selected analytes detected in groundwater. Additionally, ATZ bioaccumulation and biodegradation have been reported in some plants such as rice 19 and cattail 20 .…”

Adsorption Behavior and Residue Degradation of Triazine Herbicides in Soil Amended with Rice Straw Biochar

“…Triazine herbicides are extensively used as highly selective herbicides for controlling weeds in agricultural plants, mainly grasses [3]. However, they present the properties of good water solubility, a long half-life, relatively high mobility, and persistence in soils [4,5]. Therefore, their degradation, accumulation, toxicity, and hazards due to their environmental residues have caused considerable concern.…”