Residual glutaraldehyde levels in fiberoptic endoscopes: measurement and implications for patient toxicity

Farina, Alessandra; Fievet, M.‐H.; Plassart, F.; Menet, Marie-Claude; Thuillier, A.

doi:10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90425-5

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, only 21 BAL specimens (28%) were collected between January and March 2001, when hMPV infections peaked, whereas 38% of other specimen types were collected during this 3-month period. Also, we noted a lower efficiency of our hMPV RT-PCR with BAL samples compared with other sample types when spiked with cultured virus (results not shown), a difference that we attributed either to interference with the high content of human nucleic acids in BAL fluids or to residual glutaraldehyde in endoscope channels and in rinsing water that could have impinged on Taq polymerase efficacy (11). Those technical problems may have contributed to an underestimation of the number of BAL fluid samples found positive for hMPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Epidemiological Survey of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Large Pediatric Tertiary Care Center

et al. 2005

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The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was recently identified and linked to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). To assess the clinical importance of this virus in infants and children, we developed a rapid and efficient reverse transcription-PCR-based screening method for a large volume of samples and tested retrospectively a collection of 1,132 respiratory specimens submitted over a full year period to the virology laboratory of a large tertiary care pediatric center in Montreal, Canada. A total of 41 samples from 37 patients were positive by this method. During the winter months of 2001, up to 8% of specimens submitted for respiratory virus testing were hMPV positive. Sequencing data of the hMPV M gene revealed that two genogroups of the virus, each of which can be divided into two subgroups, cocirculated during this time period. A case-controlled study was conducted to compare the symptoms associated with hMPV infection with those involving other etiologic agents causing ARTI. Symptoms most frequently observed in hMPV-positive patients were cough, wheezing, and dyspnea, although the symptomatology could differ substantially from patient to patient. No distinct symptom profile could be associated with hMPV. Three nosocomial cases of hMPV infection were identified. Together, our data suggest that hMPV is a significant cause of symptomatic respiratory tract infections in infants and children. The incidence of the disease and the morbidity associated with the infection justify adding hMPV to the list of common respiratory viruses routinely screened for by clinical laboratories.Infection with respiratory viruses is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Despite the use of moresensitive diagnostic tools by clinical laboratories, an important proportion of respiratory infections still cannot be associated to any known pathogen.Since the first report of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) caused by the human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 2001 (23), the virus has been detected in a number of countries, suggesting a world-wide distribution (6, 8-10, 13-15, 18-21, 25). hMPV is an enveloped, negative-stranded RNA virus possessing a nonsegmented genome, which has been tentatively classified within the Paramyxoviridae family. The two hMPV genogroups (A and B) that have been characterized to date share an approximate overall identity of 85% at the nucleotide level (20,23,24).In 2002, Peret et al. (20) documented hMPV infection cases in the Canadian province of Quebec and linked the virus to potentially severe illnesses in children. The finding prompted us to investigate the prevalence and the clinical importance of the newly discovered pathogen as a cause of ARTI in the pediatric population. We developed rapid and sensitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays to detect the virus directly in samples submitted for respiratory virus testing to the virology laboratory of Sainte-Justine Hospital (SJH), a reference pediatric tertiary care center in the city of Montreal, Canada. A total of 41 samples we...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Epidemiological Survey of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Large Pediatric Tertiary Care Center

et al. 2005

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“…Gelatin, a natural polymer derived from collagen, has been widely utilized in tissue engineering due its demonstrated ability to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation. 10,16 To overcome these limitations, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) has been investigated and is advantageous as a zerolength crosslinking agent. The most commonly implemented technique for crosslinking gelatin is via exposure to glutaraldehyde vapor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ crosslinking of electrospun gelatin for improved fiber morphology retention and tunable degradation

et al. 2015

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Electrospinning is a popular technique to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds due to the exceptional tunability of the fiber morphology, which can be used to control the scaffold mechanical properties, degradation rate, and cell behavior. Recent work has focused on electrospinning natural polymers such as gelatin to improve the regeneration potential of these grafts. Gelatin scaffolds must be crosslinked to avoid rapid dissolution upon implantation with current crosslinking strategies requiring additional post-processing steps. Despite the strong dependence of scaffold properties on fiber morphology, there has been minimal emphasis on retaining the original fiber morphology of electrospun gelatin scaffolds after implantation. This work describes a method for in situ crosslinking of gelatin to produce electrospun fibers with improved fiber morphology retention after implantation. A double barrel syringe with an attached mixing head and a diisocyanate crosslinker were utilized to generate electrospun scaffolds that crosslink during the electrospinning process. These in situ crosslinked fiber meshes retained morphology after 1 week incubation in water at 37 1C; whereas, uncrosslinked meshes lost the fibrous morphology within 24 hours. Degree of crosslinking was quantified and relationships between the crosslinker ratio and enzymatic degradation rate were evaluated. The degradation rate decreased with increased crosslinker ratio, resulting in a highly tunable system. Additionally, tensile testing under simulated physiological conditions indicated that increased crosslinker ratios resulted in increases in initial modulus and tensile strength. Overall, this in situ crosslinking technique provides a method to crosslink gelatin during electrospinning and can be used to tune the degradation rate of resulting scaffolds while enabling improved fiber morphology retention after implantation.

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“…[125][126][127][128] Although widely used, glutaraldehyde has associated risks of toxic residues and many reports have indicated a risk of calcification in vivo. [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137] Furthermore, several studies employing glutaraldehyde crosslinking have reported swelling and loss of fiber architecture upon immersion in water unless high concentrations are used. 135,138 Crosslinking procedures have also been reported to result in enlarged, swollen, and/or fused fibers immediately after crosslinking.…”

Section: Directing Cell Behavior With Bioactive Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137] Furthermore, several studies employing glutaraldehyde crosslinking have reported swelling and loss of fiber architecture upon immersion in water unless high concentrations are used. 135,138 Crosslinking procedures have also been reported to result in enlarged, swollen, and/or fused fibers immediately after crosslinking. 139,140 Recent reports have established an in situ crosslinking method using hexamethylene diisocyanate to crosslink gelatin in the liquid state during the electrospinning process.…”

Section: Directing Cell Behavior With Bioactive Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in electrospinning design for tissue engineering applications: A review

Kishan

Cosgriff‐Hernandez

2017

J Biomedical Materials Res

207

134

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Electrospinning, a technique used to fabricate fibrous scaffolds, has gained popularity in recent years as a method to produce tissue engineered grafts with architectural similarities to the extracellular matrix. Beyond its versatility in material selection, electrospinning also provides many tools to tune the fiber morphology and scaffold geometry. Recent efforts have focused on extending the capabilities of electrospinning to produce scaffolds that better recapitulate tissue properties and enhance regeneration. This review highlights these advancements by providing an overview of the processing variables and setups used to modulate scaffold architecture, discussing strategies to improve cellular infiltration and guide cell behavior, and providing a summary of electrospinning applications in tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2892-2905, 2017.

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Residual glutaraldehyde levels in fiberoptic endoscopes: measurement and implications for patient toxicity

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Epidemiological Survey of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Large Pediatric Tertiary Care Center

Epidemiological Survey of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Large Pediatric Tertiary Care Center

In situ crosslinking of electrospun gelatin for improved fiber morphology retention and tunable degradation

Recent advancements in electrospinning design for tissue engineering applications: A review

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