Residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in five blood banks in Cameroon

Dongmo, Elvige Geukeng; Nsagha, Dickson Shey; Zofou, Denis; Njunda, Anna Longdoh; Nanfack, Aubin; Fokam, Joseph; Tagny, Claude Tayou; Ndjolo, Alexis; Prevention, Aids

doi:10.31254/jmr.2020.6412

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Earlier studies in Cameroon have reported values similar to the above prevalence [ 10 , 31 , 39 ]. However, the trends from recent studies have reported significantly lesser values: Guekeng et al [ 40 ] 2.31%; Samje et al [ 11 ] reported a prevalence of 2.2%, while a prevalence of 3% was reported among donors in Douala. The relatively high prevalence observed in this study may be due to reduced attention being paid to the disease compared to HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon

Ngomtcho,

Njike Ngo Biyong,

Ekwere

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Blood transfusion is associated with exposure to blood Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTIs). The threat posed by the blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately distributed in different healthcare facilities in Cameroon. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the country. This study aimed to assess the screening procedure for blood transfusion and determine the trend in immunological markers of TTIs among blood donors at the Mamfe District Hospital. Methods A prospective descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Mamfe District Hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 165 blood donors were recruited by the consecutive sampling method. Donors were screened using both Rapid diagnostic tests,T. pallidum haemagglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of TTIs. Data generated was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical software R, version 4.2.0. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of percentages, means ± standard deviation, and student t-test was used to compare both diagnostic techniques, and was considered significant when p < 0.05. Results A hundred and sixty-five donors were enrolled in the study with a male preponderance giving a male-female sex ratio of 22.5 and a mean age of 32.23 ± 8.60 years. The majority (75.2%) of the donors were of the O-positive blood type, repeat donors (69.1%) and were mainly family replacement and paid donors as against the voluntary blood donors (39.4% and 37.0% vs. 23.6% respectively). overall TTIs prevalence was 18.78% (31/165) (), with HBsAg being the most predominant marker at 12.12% (20/165) followed by Treponema pallidum, HCV and HIV antibodies at 4.85 (8/165), 1.21%(2/165), 0.60% (1/165) respectively. Except for the HBV, The prevalence of TTIs was higher when using a single RDT than the ELISA test, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Bloodborne pathogens remain a major menace to safe blood transfusion practice in Mamfe district hospital and their detection could be easily missed if the RDT method alone is used for donor screening. Therefore, the donor screening protocol in Mamfe District Hospital should systematically incorporate a confirmation diagnostic test such as ELISA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon

Ngomtcho,

Njike Ngo Biyong,

Ekwere

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Viral infections threaten the safety of donation in the transfusion environment. Several factors, especially for viral infections, are thought to increase the risk of viral transmission in a transfusion environment [36,37,38,39,40]. Mutations and molecular variants could have a negative impact on the safety of the donation if the screening techniques used do not have a high sensitivity to detect the molecular strain involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 and Transfusion Safety : Systematic Review and Concepts Analysis

Mangala

Fokam

Maulot-Bangola

et al. 2021

I-SRR

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Background: The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a real problem facing blood banks. This genetic diversity has a negative impact on diagnostic strategies within the transfusion chain by weakening the security of the donation. The objective of this study is to clarify the concepts emanating from the research project entitled : «Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion in Gabon». Methods: This study was the result of a systematic review and a conceptual analysis of several studies that were systematically searched for in databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline), and whose object was focused on the genetic diversity of HIV -1 and its impact on transfusion safety. Indeed, the information relating to the concepts coming from the full articles was used. These were obtained by reading the most relevant articles. All relevant studies reporting data on HIV-1 genetic diversity and blood safety published in English between January 2012 and December 2020 have been identified for context. The method of conceptual analysis of « Walker and Avant (2005) » was used to clarify the different concepts of our study. The correlation test was used to show the relationship between the concepts. Results: This systematic review and conceptual analysis study made it possible to determine the variables and to clarify the different concepts (HIV-1, Genetic diversity, Blood transfusion, Residual risk) essential for carrying out our research project entitled: "Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion". This model made it possible to show the effect of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 on the residual risk in blood transfusion using as model variables : viral load and serological markers (Antibodies and P24 Antigen). Knowledge of molecular strains (URF, CRF, subtypes) during this study made it possible to better identify the molecular strains most involved in the residual risk. Despite its complexity, this conceptual analysis contributed enormously to the understanding of the activities and the quantifiable and non-quantifiable components that participated in our study. Statistical analysis showed that the HIV-1 concept was significantly related to the other three concepts with P = 0.001. Likewise for the concept of genetic diversity was also significantly linked to the two other concepts with P = 0.003. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the blood transfusion environment contributes significantly to the transmission of HIV from donor to recipient. The mastery of these molecular strains is essential for the various blood banks to ensure a safe blood supply.

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“…10 12 16 17 Use of patient-related donors increases the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission. [17][18][19][20] Further, cultural beliefs against blood donation and fear of HIV testing during blood donation screening have greatly curtailed volunteer blood donor participation. 21 22 For these reasons even referral centers in Cameroon have extremely limited available blood products, as the National Blood Transfusion Program (NBTP) estimates that donors only provide about 10% to 20% of the 400 000 to 600 000 pints of blood required annually in the country.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalloid resuscitation is associated with decreased treatment delays and improved systolic blood pressures in a blood-constrained setting

Yost,

Driban,

Dissak Delon

et al. 2024

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open

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ObjectivesWe analyzed resuscitation practices in Cameroonian patients with trauma as a first step toward developing a context-appropriate resuscitation protocol. We hypothesized that more patients would receive crystalloid-based (CB) resuscitation with a faster time to administration than blood product (BL) resuscitation.MethodsWe included patients enrolled between 2017 and 2019 in the Cameroon Trauma Registry (CTR). Patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock (systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 mm Hg and active bleeding) were categorized as receiving CB, BL, or no resuscitation (NR). We evaluated differences between cohorts with the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. We compared time to treatment with the Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsOf 9635 patients, 403 (4%) presented with hemorrhagic shock. Of these, 278 (69%) patients received CB, 39 (10%) received BL, and 86 (21%) received NR. BL patients presented with greater injury severity (Highest Estimated Abbreviated Injury Scale (HEAIS) 4 BL vs 3 CB vs 1 NR, p<0.001), and lower median hemoglobin (8.0 g/dL BL, 11.4 g/dL CB, 10.6 g/dL NR, p<0.001). CB showed greater initial improvement in SBP (12 mm Hg CB vs 9 mm Hg BL vs 0 NR mm Hg, p=0.04) compared with BL or no resuscitation, respectively. Median time to treatment was lower for CB than BL (12 vs 131 min, p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for injury severity found no association between resuscitation type and mortality (CB adjusted OR (aOR) 1.28, p=0.82; BL aOR 1.05, p=0.97).ConclusionsCB was associated with faster treatment, greater SBP elevation, and similar survival compared with BL in Cameroonian patients with trauma with hemorrhagic shock. In blood-constrained settings, treatment delays associated with blood product transfusion may offset the physiologic benefits of an early BL strategy. CB prior to definitive hemorrhage control in this resource-limited setting may be a necessary strategy to optimize perfusion pressure.Level of evidence and study typeIII, retrospective study.

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Residual risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in five blood banks in Cameroon

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon

Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon

Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 and Transfusion Safety : Systematic Review and Concepts Analysis

Crystalloid resuscitation is associated with decreased treatment delays and improved systolic blood pressures in a blood-constrained setting

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