Residual stress in laser cladded heavy-haul rails investigated by neutron diffraction

Roy, Tapas Kumar; Paradowska, Anna; Abrahams, Ralph; Law, Michael R.; Mutton, Peter; Soodi, Mehdi; Wang, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116511

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Up to date, researches on the tribological performance of wheel/rail materials mainly focus on the laser-related treatment of wheel/rail materials [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], the wheel/rail hardness matching [16,17], the selection and matching of wheel/rail materials [18] and various wheel/rail creep ratios [19]. As a potential and promising technique to extend the railway component service life, laser cladding technology performed on rail steels can improve and enhance their microstructural and mechanical properties [9,10,13], increase the hardness and enhance the wear resistant performances [9,14,15] and affect the residual stress distribution of laser-cladded rails [20]. Lai et al [9] investigated the effects of laser depositing directions and heat treatment modes on the microstructural and mechanical properties of laser-cladded rail repairs, and their published findings corroborated the corresponding strength and hardness distribution in the laser deposited layers, which are the crucial indications of wear and mechanical behavior of the cladded hypereutectoid rails.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Wear and Damage Characteristics of Machined Wheel/Rail Materials under Dry Rolling-Sliding Condition

Liu

Quan

Wan

et al. 2020

Metals

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To guarantee the smooth operation of trains, rail grinding and wheel turning are necessary practices to remove surface defects. Surface integrity of machined wheel/rail materials is significant to affect their tribological performance. In this paper, firstly, the wheel specimens were turned by a CNC lathe and the rail specimens were ground by a cylindrical grinding machine with various machining parameters. Then, the wear and damage behavior of the machined wheel/rail discs was systematically investigated via a twin-disc wear testing apparatus under dry rolling-sliding condition. The experimental results show that the surface hardness of rail discs after machining is slightly higher than that of wheel discs, while the surface roughness and plastic deformation layer of wheel discs are much larger than those of rail discs. The surface hardness increase degree of rail discs and their thickness of plastic deformation layer are greater than those of wheel discs after the rolling-sliding test. The wear loss of wheel discs is much larger than that of rail discs. Surface roughness, hardness and plastic deformation layer of wheel/rail discs after machining exert a comprehensive effect on the wear behavior, and friction pair with appropriate original surface hardness and roughness generates the smallest amount of wear loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Wear and Damage Characteristics of Machined Wheel/Rail Materials under Dry Rolling-Sliding Condition

Liu

Quan

Wan

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…On the railway, the excessive residual stress on the rail might aggravate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks, which might reduce the service life and the running safety of rail. 26,27 In this case, the residual stress should be controlled by choosing the reasonable grinding parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation research on temperature field and stress field during rail grinding

Huang

Ding

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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The rail grinding process generates a large amount of heat, which could lead to heat damage on the ground rails. But, the whole temperature field of rail ground by the grinding train has not been explored in detail. In the present study, finite element models of a rail and grinding wheel were established to simulate the rail grinding process. The temperature field and the thermo-mechanical coupling stress during rail grinding, and the residual stress after grinding were studied. Furthermore, through simplifying grinding wheels into heat sources, the temperature field of rail ground by a whole grinding train was investigated as well. The results indicated that the grinding temperature and the residual stress increased with the grinding depth and rotational speed, but decreased with the feed speed and radius of rail head. The thermo-mechanical coupling stress increased with the radius of rail head and grinding depth, and decreased with the rotational speed and feed speed. When ground by the whole grinding train, the increase in the number of grinding wheels at the same grinding angle and adjacent angles could lead to a rise in temperature on the rail surface. The speeds of grinding train and the rail head radius also have an influence on the temperature. The optimal feed speed of the grinding train should be below 12 km/h for R300, 16 km/h for R80, and 18 km/h for R13. The results could be used to optimize the grinding parameters and grinding pattern in the field.

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“…During a laser-cladding process, it is well known that the domain drawback for the mechanical properties is the residual stress, which is created accompanied by the repeated rapid heating and rapid cooling along with the moving of a high-power laser beam [ 51 , 52 ]. Residual stress, which could lead to worse properties in corrosion, fracture resistance, and fatigue performance of the part treated by laser cladding would be caused by thermal shrinkage because of the high cooling rate, martensitic formation in the cladding layer and HAZ, and different coefficient of thermal expansion between the substrate and cladding material [ 19 , 48 ]. The tensile residual stress has a detrimental effect on the performance of the component because it reduces the effect fatigue and tensile properties of the structure.…”

Section: Effects Of Process Parameters On Geometrical and Microstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the interaction of wheel and rail, rail fatigue failure occurs when the combination of internal residual stresses and rail–wheel contact stress becomes critical [ 19 ]. Narayanan et al cladded martensitic steel on the pearlitic steel (UIC 900 A/grade 260) and investigated the residual stress using a semi-destructive center hole, deep hole drilling, and non-destructive neutron diffraction techniques and pointed out that the region in the clad and near the interface presents a triaxial compressive residual stress, whereas tensile stress is showed in the substrate [ 25 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Process Parameters On Geometrical and Microstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undergoing the double-layer cladding, the distribution of residual stress did not significantly change for the Stellite 6 cladded rail. However, the peak tensile residual stresses shifted to a deeper location for the 410 L cladded rail [ 19 ]. In addition, the post-cladding heat treatment was very effective in reducing the magnitude of residual stress in the cladding layer of the HAZ and the rail [ 19 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Process Parameters On Geometrical and Microstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties of Wheels/Rails Cladded by Laser Cladding

Wang

Lei

2021

Micromachines

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The service life of rails would be remarkably reduced owing to the increase of axle load, which can induce the occurrence of damages such as cracks, collapse, fat edges, etc. Laser cladding, which can enhance the mechanical properties of the rail by creating a coating, has received great attention in the area of the rails due to the attractive advantages such as low input heat, small heat-affected zone, and small deformation. In this paper, recent developments in the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of a cladded layer on the rail are reviewed. The method of process optimization for enhancing the properties of a cladded layer are discussed. Finally, the trend of future development is forecasted.

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Residual stress in laser cladded heavy-haul rails investigated by neutron diffraction

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

Experimental Investigation on the Wear and Damage Characteristics of Machined Wheel/Rail Materials under Dry Rolling-Sliding Condition

Experimental Investigation on the Wear and Damage Characteristics of Machined Wheel/Rail Materials under Dry Rolling-Sliding Condition

Simulation research on temperature field and stress field during rail grinding

A Review on Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties of Wheels/Rails Cladded by Laser Cladding

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