Residual stresses and failure behavior of GFRP/Al-Li laminates after single and multiple shot’s indentation under quasi-static

Li, Huaguan; Lu, Yi; Xiang, Junxian; Han, Zhengdong; Xu, Xiaocun; Wang, Hao; Li, Hongli; Tao, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105761

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…K ε and K T denote the strain and temperature sensitivity constants, respectively. For the FBG temperature sensor, the FBG is encapsulated in a steel capillary tube and is in strain-free condition [ 30 ]; therefore, Equation (9) can be simplified in terms of the temperature change as:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Behaviors and Reduction Mechanism of Curing Residual Stresses in GLARE Laminates under a Hot-Pressing Condition

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Nowadays, variable preparation, forming and processing methods of fiber metal laminates are constantly developing to meet the requirements of different application fields, hence the characteristics and evolution of residual stresses under different manufacturing conditions deserve more attention. In this work, the evolution behaviors of curing residual stresses in GLARE under a hot-pressing condition were studied, and the residual stress reduction mechanism was also explained. Results suggested the FE prediction models of the entire cure process, verified by the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, were more precise than the traditional elastic model. Moreover, the stress evolution during the cure process mainly occurred in the cooling stage, in which the different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of aluminum and GFRP played a major role. Meanwhile, curing shrinkage stress in the GFRP layer during the holding stage at curing temperature obviously influenced the final stress level. The residual stresses in GFRP layers differed by 9.6 MPa under a hot-pressing and autoclave condition, in which the convection heat transfer condition played a major role as it caused lower thermal stress in the holding stage and a smaller temperature gradient in the cooling stage. Considering this, a lower cooling rate could be a feasible way to obtain GLARE with lower residual stress under a hot-pressing condition.

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…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Behaviors and Reduction Mechanism of Curing Residual Stresses in GLARE Laminates under a Hot-Pressing Condition

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Hu 10 successfully used laser peening forming to achieve small curvature deformation of FMLs. Our previous work 11 preliminarily studied deformation characteristics of GFRP/Al-Li laminates under different shot peening intensity by comparing various arc height. Previous work mentioned above verified the feasibility of conventional shot peen forming of FMLs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual stress variation and deformation of shot peened glass fiber reinforced composites/aluminum–lithium laminates under thermal shock and thermal fatigue

Xiang

Wang

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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This paper aims to reveal the deformation mechanism of glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP)/aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) laminates under thermal shock or fatigue and verify reliability of shot peen forming for the composites. In this study, residual stresses in laminate after shot peening was analyzed using finite element model, and the simulation results were verified by experiments. It was found that the shot peened laminates, compared with pure metal panel, similarly exhibited compressive stress at the two external metal surfaces and tensile stress in GFRP layer. The residual stresses changed discontinuously at the metal/fiber and 0 /90 fiber interface owing to the different modulus. Moreover, stresses generated during curing process significantly affected the final deformation after shot peening. Residual stresses altered in each layer with the increase of temperature from 0 to 100 C, which caused the arc height of the laminate decreased. However, the arc height increased to initial dimensions when the temperature dropped to 0 C. Thermal shock process was proved that it hardly influenced the sample geometry. The stress relaxation behaviors were found in long-term thermal fatigue. 1100 cycles from À55 to 100 C, which lasted 4 h in every cycle, resulted in 5% decrease of the arc height. The deformation problem should be further concentrated on for components made of GFRP/Al-Li laminates and processed by shot peen forming technology.

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Flexural and low‐velocity behavior of GFPP/DP980 honeycomb sandwich structure inspired by fiber metal laminates

Lin,

Xiao,

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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With the rapid development of electric vehicles, a hybrid composite structure has been designed for the battery pack bottom guard to enhance impact resistance and reduce weight. The glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (GFPP)/DP980 honeycomb sandwich structure consists of GFPP panels with a polypropylene honeycomb core. DP980 advanced high‐strength steel plate is encapsulated within the structure, inspired by fiber metal laminates. A lightweight and high‐strength sandwich composite lay‐up solution was determined through equivalent bending stiffness theory, finite element simulation and experiment. An asymmetric sandwich structure with the steel plate on the impacted side enhanced flexural strength and ductility, demonstrating different failure sequences and a higher bending strength of 77.64 MPa compared to 50.18 MPa when the steel plate was on the unimpacted side. As impact energy increased from 100 to 200 J, the sandwich structure showed higher peak impact load, deeper craters, and increased bulge height, with significant delamination up to 175 J, while gravel impact tests revealed minimal flexural strength reduction (4.92%) even after repeated impacts. This study confirms that the use of thermoplastic sandwich structures is a viable and promising option for crash safety and the lightweight design of battery pack bottom guards.Highlights The thermoplastic honeycomb sandwich structure is polypropylene‐based. The use of advanced high strength steel is inspired by fiber metal laminates. Both thickness and surface density are considered in the structural design. The steel plate placed on the impacted side improves the flexural behavior. The sandwich structure has excellent impact resistance and lightweight level.

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Residual stresses and failure behavior of GFRP/Al-Li laminates after single and multiple shot’s indentation under quasi-static

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Evolution Behaviors and Reduction Mechanism of Curing Residual Stresses in GLARE Laminates under a Hot-Pressing Condition

Evolution Behaviors and Reduction Mechanism of Curing Residual Stresses in GLARE Laminates under a Hot-Pressing Condition

Residual stress variation and deformation of shot peened glass fiber reinforced composites/aluminum–lithium laminates under thermal shock and thermal fatigue

Flexural and low‐velocity behavior of GFPP/DP980 honeycomb sandwich structure inspired by fiber metal laminates

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