Residuals of organophosphate esters in foodstuffs and implication for human exposure

Ding, Jinjian; Deng, Tongqing; Xu, Mengmeng; Wang, Shen; Yang, Fangxing

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.092

Cited by 139 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our measured median concentrations of PFRs (Figure 3) were comparable with the levels detected in edible insects and insect-based food for human consumption from our previous study (Poma et al 2017a). In the same way, the median contamination with PFRs and plasticizers in insect samples was similar between the EU, PRC, and JPN/SK, always dominated by aromatic-PFRs (see Figure S2) and DEHP, and was comparable with median levels measured in foodstuffs of animal origin from worldwide studies (Cariou et al 2016;Cheng et al 2016;Ding et al 2018;He et al 2015;Poma et al 2017bPoma et al , 2018Van Holderbeke et al 2014;Wang and Kannan 2018;Yang et al 2018). For these two groups of compounds, the contamination in the insects could have occurred during production [e.g., from the rearing substrate, from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves used by workers during insect rearing and handling, etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The EDI-estimation resulted similar for Europe and Asia and comparable with levels generally estimated for the same groups of compounds in common food of animal origin worldwide (Ding et al 2018;Giovanoulis et al 2018;Poma et al 2017bPoma et al , 2018Qian et al 2017;Wang et al , 2019Yang et al 2018). However, when making this comparison, it is important to consider that the estimated dietary intake can vary strongly among countries, likely due to differences in dietary habits of the population, number, and typology of food items included in the food categories as well as individual targeted compounds considered within a group of chemicals, etc.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Chemical Safety Of Edible Insectssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Occurrence of Selected Organic Contaminants in Edible Insects and Assessment of Their Chemical Safety

Poma

Yin

Tang

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: Feeding the continuously growing world population is challenging, and edible insects offer a sustainable alternative to conventional sources of animal proteins. As with any food source, the potential presence of hazardous organic chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), plasticizers and flame retardants (FRs), must be investigated to guarantee consumer chemical safety. OBJECTIVES: Here, we have investigated the contamination levels of several classes of organic compounds in edible insects. To evaluate their chemical safety, a dietary exposure risk assessment was then performed by combining the measured chemical contamination with the most recent food consumption data from local surveys. METHODS: Insect samples, belonging to six orders (Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Hymenoptera) were purchased from five European and three Asian countries. POPs and halogenated FRs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and organophosphorus FRs and plasticizers were quantified by liquid chromatography-MS/MS, according to validated protocols. RESULTS: The overall levels of chemical contamination varied greatly among the insect orders and country of purchase, but they were generally low and comparable with other commonly consumed animal products. DISCUSSION: Here we show that, besides the activities during rearing, the industrial post-harvesting handling and addition of ingredients are supplementary factors influencing the chemical load of the final insect food-product. The total estimated dietary intakes of the considered classes of compounds through insect consumption are comparable with those generally assessed in common food of animal origin worldwide and, when compared with existing reference dose values, suggest that the risk of adverse health effects from exposure to the targeted organic compounds via insect consumption is unlikely.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Evaluation Of Chemical Safety Of Edible Insectssupporting

confidence: 78%

Occurrence of Selected Organic Contaminants in Edible Insects and Assessment of Their Chemical Safety

Poma

Yin

Tang

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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“…While little is known about dietary predictors of urinary OPE concentrations, findings from two small studies suggest that intake of fresh foods, certain vegetables, citrus fruit, eggs, or meats may be associated with lower concentrations of several OPE metabolites ( Romano et al 2017 ; Thomas et al 2017 ). OPEs have been measured in food packaging materials ( Wang and Kannan 2018 ) and food samples including seafood, meat, dairy, fats, oils, grains, rice, cheese, cereals, pastries, sugar/sweets, vegetables, and beverages ( Ding et al 2018 ; He et al 2018b ; Poma et al 2018 , 2017 ; Wang and Kannan 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2016b ). Notably, Poma et al ( Poma et al 2018 ) reported that 89% of the processed foods assessed contained OPEs as compared with only 11% of non-processed foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013–2014

Boyle

Buckley

Quirós-Alcalá

2019

Environment International

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Background: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are synthetic chemicals found in many consumer products, including furniture, electronics, processed foods, and building materials. Emerging in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that OPEs are metabolism disrupting compounds; however, epidemiologic studies investigating their associations with adiposity markers are sparse. Objective: We examined cross-sectional associations between OPE biomarkers and adiposity measures among U.S. children and adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2013–2014). Methods: Concentrations of five OPE metabolites were quantified in urine: diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), and bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP). We conducted covariate-adjusted logistic and linear regressions to examine associations between log 2 -transformed and dichotomized OPE metabolite concentrations and obesity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), separately among 784 children (6–19 years) and 1672 adults (≥20 years). We also assessed heterogeneity of associations by sex. Results: DBUP concentrations were inversely associated with the prevalence odds of being obese vs. normal weight in children (adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratio, aPOR: 0.82, 95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95) and adults (aPOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96). DBUP was also significantly associated with lower BMI z-scores (β:−0.08, 95% CI:−0.17, 0.01) and WC (β:−0.71, 95% CI: −1.49, 0.07) in children. BCEP concentrations were associated with increased prevalence odds of being overweight vs. normal weight (aPOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32) among children; similar, albeit not statistically significant, relationships were observed with other child adiposity outcomes. Among adults, detectable BCPP concentrations were associated with increased prevalence odds of being obese vs. normal weight (aPOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.38) and having a high vs. normal WC (aPOR:1.51, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.07) as well as higher BMI (β: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.30, 2.33). Other OPE metabolites were not consistently associated with adiposity measures among adults. Although associations of BCPP exposure with adiposity outcomes were generally inverse among boys, but not girls, we did not observe consistent evidence of sexually-dimorphic associations for other OPE metabolites. Conclusions: Exposure to select OPEs may be differentially associated with body size among children and adults. Given the cross-sectional design of the present study, future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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“…In China, rice intake is considered to be the main means of exposure to OPEs in foods, as it presents the highest contribution to total intake, accounting for approximately 60% [71]. The highest levels of OPEs have been reported in cereals, which may be the main path of dietary intake for the Chinese population [72].…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Opesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate Esters in Indoor Environment and Metabolites in Human Urine Collected from a Shanghai University

Wang

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In China, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used in indoor environments. However, there is little information regarding the internal and external exposure of university students to OPEs. Therefore, in this study, nine OPEs and eight OPE metabolites (mOPEs) were measured in indoor dust and atmospheric PM2.5 samples from a university campus in Shanghai, as well as in urine samples collected from the university students. The total concentration of OPEs in the indoor dust in female dormitories (1420 ng/g) was approximately twice that in male dormitories (645 ng/g). In terms of indoor PM2.5, the highest OPE concentration was found in meeting rooms (105 ng/m3, on average), followed by chemical laboratories (51.2 ng/m3), dormitories (44.9 ng/m3), and offices (34.9 ng/m3). The total concentrations of the eight mOPEs ranged from 279 pg/mL to 14,000 pg/mL, with a geometric mean value of 1590 pg/mL. The estimated daily intake values based on the indoor dust and PM2.5 OPE samples (external exposure) were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that deduced from the concentration of urinary mOPEs (internal exposure), indicating that dermal contact, dust ingestion, and inhalation do not contribute significantly to OPE exposure in the general population. Moreover, additional exposure routes lead to the accumulation of OPEs in the human body.

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Residuals of organophosphate esters in foodstuffs and implication for human exposure

Cited by 139 publications

References 48 publications

Occurrence of Selected Organic Contaminants in Edible Insects and Assessment of Their Chemical Safety

Occurrence of Selected Organic Contaminants in Edible Insects and Assessment of Their Chemical Safety

Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013–2014

Organophosphate Esters in Indoor Environment and Metabolites in Human Urine Collected from a Shanghai University

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