Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the residue depletion of imidocarb (IMD) in bovine tissues, and the drug withdrawal time of IMD was determined. Twenty-five clinically healthy cattle (body weight 300 kg ± 15 kg) were randomly divided into five groups of five cattle each. The cattle were treated subcutaneously injecting a single dose of a generic IMD formulation, at the recommended dosage of 3.0 mg/kg. The five groups of cattle were slaughtered respectively at 96, 160, 198, 213, and 228 days after IMD administration. Samples from the liver, kidney, muscle, fat, and injection site were collected from each animal. After subtilis proteinase was used to digest the tissue, the content of IMD in the samples was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method. In conclusion, the method validation results showed that the method meets the criteria, and the longest withdrawal time of 224 days for the liver can be selected as the conclusive withdrawal time to guarantee consumer safety.

Comparative efficacy of buparvaquone and imidocarb in inhibiting the in vitro growth of Babesia bovis

“…ID is relatively effective to treat cattle babesiosis, but it is far from an ideal drug due to the aforementioned severe side effects in cattle ( Todorovic et al, 1973 ; Adams et al, 1980 ; Vial and Gorenflot, 2006 ). In addition, ID leaves undesirable long-term residues in food ( Coldham et al, 1994 ; Tang et al, 2023 ). Even more, although ID drug resistance has not been officially reported yet in B. bovis, it is likely that resistance will develop over time.…”

“…In addition, ID may have toxic secondary effects in treated animals at therapeutic doses ( Todorovic et al, 1973 ; Adams et al, 1980 ; Vial and Gorenflot, 2006 ) and is retained in edible tissues of cattle for prolonged periods after treatment (more than 7 months)( Coldham et al, 1994 ; Tang et al, 2023 ). These limitations suggest that, although effective as babesiacidal, ID is not an ideal drug for use in a Babesia control program due to its potential toxicity in animals and its persistence in the foodstuff derived from treated animals, and alternative new medicines are needed.…”

The Occurrence of Cattle Tick Fever in a Region of the Atlantic Forest on the Border with the Caatinga in Brazil

“…[32] during the acute infection has been suggested. However, this should be considered with caution as it is known that the administration of imidocarb can result in prolonged withdrawal times in the tissues of treated animals and, although adverse reactions in humans have not been reported, its use in cattle intended for human consumption could pose a risk to human health [33]. It also should be considered that the preventive treatment could favor antibiotic resistance as genes associated with oxytetracycline resistance have been found in A. marginale isolates [34].…”

Determination of Multiclass Pharmaceutical Residues in Milk Using Modified QuEChERS and Liquid-Chromatography-Hybrid Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry: Comparison of Clean-Up Approaches and Validation Studies

“…Imidocarb is an antimicrobial agent that is widely used for the treatment of many diseases in cattle, such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Significant residues of imidocarb remain in bovine edible tissues [53] and milk [54] after dosing in cattle. If the recommended withdrawal periods for the drug are not properly implemented, it can lead to the occurrence of imidocarb in edible tissues or milk and eventually in humans through the consumption of contaminated foodstuff.…”