Residue Determination, Colorimetric Determination of Abate Residues from Several Environmental Conditions

Abstract

A colorimetric method for residues of Abate insecticide, OjOjO'jO'-tetramethyl-OjO'thiodi-p-phenylene phosphorothioate, is based on its hydrolysis to 4,4/-thiodiphenol and subsequent determination at 485 m^after reaction with 4-aminoantipyrine and periodate. Procedures are described for natural waters, mud, oysters, rice grain, and rice foliage. Recoveries and apparent Abate insecticide concentrations in control tissues are given.

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Abate using Flame Photometric and Electron-Capture Detectors

“…The average recovery of Abate from water by this method was 98.5 ± 1.3 %. These data are in good agreement with the partition distribution of Abate between hexane and methanol-water shown by Blinn and Pasarela (1966). Water fortified with Abate at 0.12 p.p.m.…”

“…Several methods have been proposed for determination of Abate residues, none of which are completely satisfactory for determination at the low levels encountered in the treatment of potable waters. A colorimetric method for determination of Abate residues by Blinn and Pasarela (1966) was based on the reaction of the hydrolysis product, 4,4-thiodiphenol, with 4-aminoantipyrine andperiodateand subsequent determination at 485 µ. In the method of St. John and Lisk (1968), the methylated alkyl phosphate hydrolytic product of Abate was determined, using a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermionic detector.…”

Accumulation of the organophosphate blackfly larvicide Abate (temephos) in Sarotherodon mossambicus, with reference to the larvicidal control of Simulium damnosum

“…Bowman et al (1968) have shown that Abate adsorbs readily on to surfaces and thereby forms a natural slow-release system which resists metabolic breakdown. This is supported by observations in artificial ' mini-ecosystems ' (Blinn & Pasarela, 1966) and in natural ponds (Bowman & Orloski, 1966) where unchanged Abate was still present one week after application. The only available iield data on the absorption of Abate by aquatic organisms (Fitzpatrick & Sutherland, 1976) showed that salt marsh snails exposed to fortnightly treatments with Abate granules at 0.1 12 kg a.i.…”

Abate insecticide: the fate of O,O,O',O'-tetramethyl O,O'- thiodi-p-phenylene phosphorothioate on bean leaves

“…Before Abate insecticide could be used commercially, data concerning its residual behavior in natural waters and adjacent mud were acquired for registration purposes (Bowman and Orloski, 1966). The residue analytical procedure used for this study was designed to respond only to the parent compound since a preliminary metabolic study of this material in natural waters, mud, and bean plants using nonradiotracer techniques showed little evidence of any postulated metabolic degradation products (Blinn and Pasarela, 1966). The desirability of using Abate insecticide to control mosquito larvae in food-producing areas and to control several insect pests of food crops has required additional residue studies and the detailed evaluation of the metabolic fate of Abate insecticide in a typical plant environment.…”