Residue Determination Method for the Insecticide Acetamiprid in Crops by Gas Chromatography

Determination of Acetamiprid and IM‐1‐2 in PostMortem Human Blood, Liver, Stomach Contents by HPLC‐DAD

“…Acetamiprid determinations at trace levels in different matrices such as soil, vegetables, water, and honey have been studied starting with an extraction process which is followed by a final chromatographic separation and detection with selective detectors (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). However, no valid analytical method is available for the determination of ATP in matrices such as postmortem fluids and tissues of human in literature.…”

Degradation of the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Acetamiprid via the N-Carbamoylimine Derivate (IM-1-2) Mediated by the Nitrile Hydratase of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333

“…As shown in Figure B, metabolite P2 displayed a protonated parent ion (M + H) at m / z 157 and a major fragment ion (M – CH 4 N) at m / z 126. Thus, P2 could be assigned to IM-1-4 (Figure ), a major metabolite that appears in soil, plant, and microbial metabolism of ACE. ,,, Metabolite P1 (Figure C) displayed a protonated parent ion (M + H) at m / z 241, a sodiated adduct (M + Na) at m / z 263, a fragment ion (M – O) at m / z 224, an unknown fragment ion at m / z 198, and a fragment ion (M – C 4 H 8 N 3 O) at m / z 126. The unknown fragment ion at m / z 198 also appeared in the spectrum of the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of IM-1-2 reported by Yeter and Aydin .…”

“…Thus, P2 could be assigned to IM-1-4 (Figure 1), a major metabolite that appears in soil, plant, and microbial metabolism of ACE. 10,20,23,30 Metabolite P1 (Figure 3C 31 The mass of metabolite P1 was enhanced by the addition of a water molecule to the substrate ACE (M + H) at m/z 223 (Figure 3D) and was identical to the mass data reported for IM-1-2 by Yeter and Aydin 31 and Kamel et al 32 Resting E. coli Rosetta cells overexpressing CGMCC 7333 NHase also hydrolyzed ACE to a metabolite with the same HPLC retention time as metabolite P1, and this metabolite showed the same mass as P1 in LC-MS analysis (data not shown). This E. coli strain transformed ACE completely in 2 h and was thus used for preparation of metabolite P1.…”

Review on Current Analytical Methods with Chromatographic and Nonchromatographic Techniques for New Generation Insecticide Neonicotinoids

“…Table 1 shows that sample pre-treatment procedures roughly consist of (1) extraction of the target pesticide from the sample and (2) separation of the target pesticide from the extract and clean-up. For (1) extraction of neonicotinoid insecticides, shaking extraction with organic solvents such as acetone, acetonitrile, or methanol (Baskaran et al, 1997;de Erenchun et al, 1997;Mohan et al, 2010;Tokieda et al, 1997bTokieda et al, , 1998, blending extraction with a homogenizer (Agüera et al, 2004;Blasco et al, 2002aBlasco et al, , 2002bDi Muccio et al, 2006;Fernandez-Alba et al, 1996Ferrer et al, 2005;Hengel & Miller, 2008;Hernández et al, 2006;Ishii et al, 1994;Jansson et al, 2004;Kamel et al, 2010;Mateu-Sánchez et al, 2003;Obana et al, 2002Obana et al, , 2003Sannino et al, 2004;Ting et al, 2004;Tokieda et al, 1997aTokieda et al, , 1997bVenkateswarlu et al, 2007), and ultrasonic extraction (Bourgin et al, 2009;García et al, 2007;Ishii et al, 1994;Liu et al, 2005Liu et al, , 2010Mayer-Helm, 2009;Rancan et al, 2006aRancan et al, , 2006bZhang et al, 2010) are commonly used. In addition to these, Bourgin et al (2009) extracted five insecticides including imidacloprid from seeds coated with acetonitrile and Xiao et al (2011) extracted seven neonicotinoid insecticides from bovine tissues with water by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) to give quantitative extraction efficiency.…”