Residue Levels and Dietary Intake Risk Assessments of 139 Pesticides in Agricultural Produce Using the m-PFC Method Based on SBA-15-C18 with GC-MS/MS

Abstract

A survey was designed to investigate the pesticide residues in agricultural produce and to estimate their potential intake risks to inhabitants. A total of 314 samples of nine types of fruits and vegetables were collected from the supermarkets and vegetable markets of Shandong Province (China) from October 2020 to February 2022. An accurate and reliable multi-residue method, based on GC-MS/MS detection, as well as the multiplug filtration cleanup method, based on SBA-15-C18, was prepared by a solution chemical reaction. Additionally, an in situ co-condensation method was established for the quantification of 139 pesticide residues. Residues that contained no pesticides were detected in 66.5% of the 314 samples. Moreover, of the samples, 30.6% were at or below the MRLs, and 2.9% were above the MRLs. Residues of procymidone were found to be the one that most often exceeded the MRLs (1.3% of the samples). Tebuconazole was found most frequently in 22.0% of the samples analyzed. Consumer exposure to the 139 pesticides did not exceed 100% ADI and ARfD. This led to a consideration that these pesticide residues in the nine commodities may not raise the health risk of the consumers in the long and short term. The highest value of chronic dietary intake was obtained from spirodiclofen, which resulted in a 24.1% of ADI. Furthermore, the highest exposure levels in the short term were obtained from the consumption of leeks with procymidone (58.3% ARfD).

A comparison of the determination of multiple pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, and edible fungi using gas chromatography combined with filtration purification and solid-phase extraction

“…Currently, existing reports show that the rapid ltration purication technology, known as multiplug ltration clean-up (m-PFC), has been applied as a pretreatment in detecting various pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, and edible fungi using mass spectrometry analyses such as GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. [32][33][34] There have been no reports of applying this method as a pretreatment for gas chromatography (GC) alone. To address the needs of small and medium-sized laboratories and enterprises lacking mass spectrometers and requiring rapid monitoring results, this experiment introduces m-PFC, primarily utilizing MWCNTs, to establish a rapid detection method for 37 pesticide residues, including organophosphates (OPPs), organochlorines (OCs), and pyrethroids (PYs), in eight representative matrices of fruits, vegetables, and edible fungi, combined with gas chromatography detectors (GC-FPD, GC-ECD).…”