Residue Management Effects on Water Use and Yield of Deficit Irrigated Cotton

Baumhardt, R. Louis; Schwartz, Robert C.; Howell, Terry A.; Evett, Steven R.; Colaizzi, Paul D.

doi:10.2134/agronj2012.0361

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…minimum of to 8 weeks at Tribune and Garden City, while the minimum 4-week duration maintained WUE at Colby. The cotton lint yield WUE values at Garden City were similar to experimental values measured with disk tillage at Bushland during growing seasons accumulating average monthly GDD (Baumhardt et al, 2013) but in the lower range reported by Zwart and Bastiaanssen (2004). Although simulated lint yields generally increased with irrigation amount, the calculated WUE values at Tribune and Colby were much lower by comparison because the limited CGDD was insufficient to mature the crop boll load acquired with the greater water use.…”

Section: Effects Of Emergence Irrigation Capacity and Duration On Csupporting

confidence: 72%

Modeling Cotton Growth and Yield Response to Irrigation Practices for Thermally Limited Growing Seasons in Kansas

Baumhardt¹,

Haag²,

Gowda³

et al. 2021

Transactions of the ASABE

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HighlightsLater planting and greater site elevation or latitude decreased seasonal growing degree days and cotton yield in Kansas.Higher irrigation capacity (rate) usually increased lint yield, which was probably due to increased early boll load.Strategies for splitting land allocations between high irrigation rates and dryland did not increase production.Cotton may reduce irrigation withdrawals from the Ogallala aquifer, but the Kansas growing season limits production.Abstract. Precipitation in the western Great Plains averages about 450 mm, varying little with latitude and providing 40% to 80% of potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Supplemental irrigation is required to fully meet crop water demand, but the Ogallala or High Plains aquifer is essentially non-recharging south of Nebraska. Pumping water from this aquifer draws down water tables, leading to reduced water availability and deficit irrigation to produce an alternate crop such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with a lower peak water demand than corn (Zea mays L.). Our objective was to compare simulated cotton yield response to emergence date, irrigation capacity, and application period at three western Kansas locations (Colby, Tribune, and Garden City) with varying seasonal energy or cumulative growing degree days (CGDD) and compare split center pivot deficit irrigation strategies with a fixed water supply (i.e., where portions of the center pivot land area are managed with different irrigation strategies). We used actual 1961-2000 location weather records with the GOSSYM simulation model to estimate yields of cotton planted into soil at 50% plant-available water for three emergence dates (DOY 145, 152, and 159) and all combinations of irrigation period (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks beginning at first square) and capacity (2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mm d-1). Simulated lint yield and its ratio to ETc, or water use efficiency (WUE), consistently decreased with delayed planting (emergence) as location elevation or latitude increased due to effects on growing season CGDD. Depending on location, simulated cotton lint consistently increased (p = 0.05) for scenarios with increasing irrigation capacity, which promoted greater early season boll load, but not for durations exceeding 4 to 6 weeks, probably because later irrigation and fruiting did not complete maturation during the short growing season. Cotton WUE generally increased, with greater yields resulting from earlier emergence and early high-capacity irrigation. We calculated lower WUE where irrigation promoted vigorous growth with added fruiting forms that delayed maturation and reduced the fraction of open bolls. The irrigation strategy of focusing water at higher capacities on a portion of the center pivot in combination with the dryland balance did not increase net yields significantly at any location because the available seasonal energy limited potential crop growth and yield response to irrigation. However, the overall net lint yield was numerically larger for focused irrigation strategies at the southwest Kansas location (Garden City). Based on lint yields simulated under uniform or split center pivot deficit irrigation, we conclude that cotton is poorly suited as an alternative crop for central western and northwestern Kansas because of limited growing season CGDD. Keywords: Cotton, Crop simulation, Deficit irrigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation capacity, Split center pivot irrigation, Water use efficiency, Yield limiting factors.

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Section: Effects Of Emergence Irrigation Capacity and Duration On Csupporting

confidence: 72%

Modeling Cotton Growth and Yield Response to Irrigation Practices for Thermally Limited Growing Seasons in Kansas

Baumhardt¹,

Haag²,

Gowda³

et al. 2021

Transactions of the ASABE

Self Cite

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“…The research projects in Texas were conducted at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Conservation and Production Research Laboratory in Bushland, Texas (Musick and Dusek 1980;Eck 1986;Howell et al 1995;Schneider and Howell 1998;Tolk et al 1999;Baumhardt et al 2013), the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station near Etter, Texas (Hao et al 2015a, b), and at producer sites near Lubbock, Texas (TAWC 2015). The climate is semiarid at all three locations (Table 1).…”

Section: Texasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that the effectiveness of mulch could vary among years due to interactions among climate, soil texture, irrigation frequency, and mulch mass. A similar study by Baumhardt et al (2013) evaluated the effects of irrigation rate, tillage method, and their interactions on maize yield, ET c , and CWUE in a wheat-maizefallow rotation from 2006 to 2009 (Table 5). They too hypothesized that retaining surface residue via conservation tillage would increase soil water storage, and therefore, improve the efficiency of deficit irrigation practice.…”

Section: Texasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficit Irrigation Management of Maize in the High Plains Aquifer Region: A Review

Rudnick

Irmak

West

et al. 2019

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Irrigated agriculture is a major economic contributor of the High Plains Region and it primarily relies on the High Plains Aquifer as a source of water. Over time, areas of the High Plains Aquifer have experienced drawdowns limiting its ability to supply sufficient water to sustain fully irrigated crop production. This among other reasons, including variable climatic factors and differences in state water policy, has resulted in some areas adopting and practicing deficit irrigation management. Considerable research has been conducted across the High Plains Aquifer region to identify locally appropriate deficit irrigation strategies. This review summarizes and discusses research conducted in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, and Texas, as well as highlights areas for future research. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.

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“…Any practice that increases the portion of a water supply used by the crop for transpiration should increase the yields under DI. Tillage practices that reduce soil disturbance and maintain plant residues on the surface usually reduce evaporation loss and may improve infiltration and soil water storage and reduce surface runoff (Hergert et al, 1993;van Donk et al, 2010, Baumhardt et al, 2013. Improvements of the irrigation application system that increase irrigation uniformity and efficiency or reduce evaporation and losses also reduce the irrigation supply needed to achieve a target ET and yield (Evett, 2019).…”

Section: Practices That May Improve Yields Under Deficit Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficit Irrigation Strategies for the Western U.S.

Trout¹,

Howell²,

English³

et al. 2020

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HighlightsDeficit irrigation may maximize net income when irrigation water supplies are limited or expensive.Water production functions are used with economic parameters to maximize net income with deficit irrigation.Net income may be insensitive to the amount of deficit irrigation if production costs are appropriate for anticipated yield.Deficit irrigation increases risk.Abstract. Competition for, regulation of, and depletion of water supplies in the western U.S. has resulted in reduced water available for irrigating crops. When the water supply is expensive or inadequate to meet full crop water requirements, deficit irrigation (DI) may maximize net income (NI) by reducing use of expensive water or irrigating more land with limited irrigation supplies. Managed DI entails rational planning and strategic water allocation to maximize NI when water supplies are constrained. Biophysical and economic relationships were used to develop NI models for DI and determine water allocation strategies that maximize NI under three types of water supply constraints. The analyses determined that potential benefits of DI are greatest when water is expensive, irrigation efficiency is low, the water supply is flexible, and rainfed production is not economically viable. When production costs are appropriate for anticipated yields, NI is less sensitive to DI planning decisions. Deficit irrigation will become more important as irrigation water supplies continue to decline in the future. Net income analysis can assist growers in making rational DI decisions. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Economic analysis, Irrigation management, Net income, Optimization, Water productivity.

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Residue Management Effects on Water Use and Yield of Deficit Irrigated Cotton

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling Cotton Growth and Yield Response to Irrigation Practices for Thermally Limited Growing Seasons in Kansas

Modeling Cotton Growth and Yield Response to Irrigation Practices for Thermally Limited Growing Seasons in Kansas

Deficit Irrigation Management of Maize in the High Plains Aquifer Region: A Review

Deficit Irrigation Strategies for the Western U.S.

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