Residues in apples and sweet cherries after methyl bromide fumigation

Hansen, James D.; Sell, C. R.; Moffit, H.R.; Leesch, J. G.; Hartsell, Preston L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1526-4998(200006)56:6<555::aid-ps167>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…EF is a fumigant that is usually used on perishable commodities, such as fruits and vegetables alternative to MB [27], whose schedule was phased out due to the ozonedepleting effect under the Montreal Protocol [28], its phytotoxic damage to perishable commodities [29], and chronic toxicity to human [30]. EF is also used on stored grain to control stored grain pests, such as Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, and Rhyzopertha dominica [31] and is an alternative to phosphine (PH 3 ) due to resistance causing the need for long exposure times [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach: Ethyl Formate Fumigation to Control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Yellow Melon Vinyl House

et al. 2022

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Due to concerns over the resistance development to existing pesticides, chemical poisoning among farmers, and chemical residue on crops, sprung up a growing need to develop new pest control strategies for utilization in protected houses in Korea. A series of experiments tested a new technology using a fumigant, ethyl formate, in growing crops in the protected houses. It was revealed that the glasshouse was inadequate for the fumigation system using the fumigant since ethyl formate gas sharply decreased due to gas leaking through the gaps between the glass frames. On the other hand, the gas concentration was stable during the fumigation process. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate its phytotoxicity on cucurbits crops (yellow melon). The crops were fumigated at 20 °C in three fumigation schedules (2, 4, and 12 h). The results revealed that the developmental stages of yellow melon showed no sign of phytotoxicity in all conditions. However, the fumigation damaged the shoots of red pepper in higher humidity and at a longer duration. Interestingly, Bemisia tabaci were (100%) completely killed in all these conditions. Based on the results of the above experiments on the high efficacy on the control of Bemisia tabaci and zero phytotoxic effects of the ethyl formate fumigation on yellow melon, verification experiments for the effectiveness were conducted thrice in farmer’s yellow melon vinyl houses and once in a farmer’s cucumber vinyl house. Results demonstrated that ethyl formate fumigation for 2 h at 2 g m−3 concentration could 100% kill the adults of Bemisia tabaci with no phytotoxic effect on the crops. Therefore, we could conclude that the 2-h fumigation system with 2 g m−3 ethyl formate would be a new alternative to the existing chemical spraying methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach: Ethyl Formate Fumigation to Control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Yellow Melon Vinyl House

et al. 2022

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“…[21][22][23][24][25] The efficacy and acceptability of some of these methods are challenged by their ozone depletion potential, unacceptable phytotoxic effects on some fresh products, high levels of residue on fresh commodities, pesticide tolerance/resistance and/or ineffectiveness resulting from complex fumigation procedures. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Compared to these techniques, the hot water treatment (HWT) technique offers the best nonchemical alternative since it is reliable, efficient, viable and environmentally friendly. 32,33 The postharvest HWT technique is a suitable treatment for the control of other pests of quarantine importance such as codling moths and fruit flies in fresh produce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include irradiation, low oxygen treatments, heat/cold treatments and chemical fumigations using methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride, phosphine, ethanedinitrile, methyl benzoate and nitric oxide 21–25 . The efficacy and acceptability of some of these methods are challenged by their ozone depletion potential, unacceptable phytotoxic effects on some fresh products, high levels of residue on fresh commodities, pesticide tolerance/resistance and/or ineffectiveness resulting from complex fumigation procedures 26–31 . Compared to these techniques, the hot water treatment (HWT) technique offers the best non‐chemical alternative since it is reliable, efficient, viable and environmentally friendly 32,33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of hot water treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in French beans

Mwando

Ndlela

Subramanian

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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Background: The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is a quarantine pest of French beans that requires phytosanitary treatment to meet quarantine requirements for strict lucrative markets. In this study, the efficacy of hot water treatment against F. occidentalis eggs and its effects on the postharvest physicochemical quality parameters of French beans was evaluated.Results: The immersion time of 8.01 min (95% critical limits CL 7.77-8.24) was predicted by the probit model as the minimum time required to achieve a 99.9968% control level. Confirmatory tests with a large number of F. occidentalis eggs were performed to validate the estimated time to achieve probit-9 control level, and there were no survivors from the 50 103 eggs treated. Likewise, none of the 55 364 eggs exposed to 45 ± 0.2 °C for 7 min (observational time) survived. The effect of the treatment schedule on French beans quality parameters was assessed and there were no differences in weight loss, moisture content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and reducing sugars between treated and untreated samples. Conclusion:Our results indicate that hot water treatment (at 45 ± 0.2 °C for a duration of 8.01 min is an effective phytosanitary treatment for the control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French beans, with no significant impact on pods quality.

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“…Further, methyl bromide is a stratospheric ozone‐depleting substance and its use is being phased out . Other chemical fumigants are also toxic to non‐targeted organisms and can be a potential source of pesticide residues on food . The need for sustainable, non‐residue bearing phytosanitary treatment technology is crucial to ensure food security and reduce environmental pollution …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical PO₂ as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low‐oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)

Chen

Condon

Boardman

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Phytosanitary irradiation is a sustainable alternative to chemical fumigants for disinfesting fresh commodities from insect pests. However, irradiating insects in modified atmospheres with very low oxygen (<1 kPa O 2 ) has repeatedly been shown to increase radioprotective response. Thus, there is a concern that modified atmosphere packaging could reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. One hurdle slowing the widespread application of phytosanitary irradiation is a lack of knowledge about how moderate levels of hypoxia relevant to the modified atmosphere packaging of most fresh commodities (3-10 kPa O 2 ) may affect phytosanitary irradiation treatments. Therefore, we hypothesize that critical PO 2 (P crit ), the level of oxygen at which an insect's metabolism becomes impaired, can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to predict the induction of a radioprotective response.RESULTS: Using the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), we show that there is a substantial increase in radiation resistance when larvae are irradiated in atmospheres more hypoxic than their P crit (3.3 kPa O 2 ). These data are consistent with our hypothesis that P crit could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for what levels of hypoxia may induce radioprotective effects that could impact phytosanitary irradiation treatments.CONCLUSION: We propose that the relationship between P crit and radioprotective effects could allow us to build a framework for predicting the effects of low-oxygen atmospheres on the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. However, more widespread studies across pest species are still needed to test the generality of this idea.

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Residues in apples and sweet cherries after methyl bromide fumigation

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

A New Approach: Ethyl Formate Fumigation to Control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Yellow Melon Vinyl House

A New Approach: Ethyl Formate Fumigation to Control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Yellow Melon Vinyl House

Efficacy of hot water treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in French beans

Critical PO₂ as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low‐oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)

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Residues in apples and sweet cherries after methyl bromide fumigation

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

A New Approach: Ethyl Formate Fumigation to Control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Yellow Melon Vinyl House

A New Approach: Ethyl Formate Fumigation to Control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a Yellow Melon Vinyl House

Efficacy of hot water treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in French beans

Critical PO2 as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low‐oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)

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Product

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Critical PO₂ as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low‐oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)