Residues of acrylamide in water

Environmental Degradation of Polyacrylamides. 1. Effects of Artificial Environmental Conditions: Temperature, Light, and pH

“…through various soil types and reach deep rock aquifers, is not absorbed by sediments or affected by water treatment (Lande et al, 1979;Cownay et al, 1979;Brown et al, 1980). Like polyacrylamide, acrylamide will biodegrade to CO 2 and NH 3 (Croll et al, 1974;Cherry et al, 1956).…”

“…These residues can range between 0.05 and 5.0% of the final product after polymerization (Croll et al, 1974). Acrylamide (Fig.…”

Polyacrylamide in Agriculture and Environmental Land Management

“…AMD was completely degraded within 5 days after applying 500 kg PAM kg -1 garden soil (Shanker et al, 1990). Lande et al (1979) applied 25 kg PAM kg -1 soil and reported that the half-life of AMD in agricultural soils was 18-45 h. Degradation may be slower in cooler more sterile waters, in sandy soils, or soils with low respiration rates because of temperature, soil water content, or other factors slowing microbial metabolism (Brown et al, 1980(Brown et al, , 1982Conway et al, 1979;Croll et al, 1974;Davis et al, 1976). Metcalf et al (1973) andNeely et al (1974) concluded that because of the ease with which AMD is metabolized by biological organisms and otherwise degraded, it is not likely that it can bioaccumulate to any extent in the food chain.…”

“…Thus even if there existed a small probablility for the AMD production from polymer chain scission, it would decrease drastically with time. Other research shows that any AMD present in microbiologically active soil environments is rapidly metabolized as an N source by several soil microorganisms including Nocardia rhodochrous, Bacillus sphaericus, Rhodococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp., and Pseudomonas putrefaciens (Abdelmagid and Tabatabai, 1982;Arai et al, 1981;Brown et al, 1980;Croll et al, 1974;Lande et al, 1979;Shanker et al, 1990;USEPA, 1985). noted that the end products resulting from PAM decomposition would not be AMD, even if the first step of PAM decomposition yielded the monomer.…”

Physical, biochemical, and immunological characterization of a thermostable amidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTR 1

“…Extensive usage and indiscriminate discharge have led to the contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (9,31). Microbial amidases (e.g., acylamide amidohydrolase [EC 3.5.1.4]) deaminate aliphatic amides to their carboxylic acids and ammonia, and this reaction is highly substrate specific.…”