Residues of atrazine and its metabolites in an orchard soil and their uptake by oat plants

Khan, Shahamat U.; Marriage, P. B.

doi:10.1021/jf60214a020

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There were two branches in this pathway: (1) a chemical hydrolysis pathway that resulted in the formation of hydroxylated products, and (2) a biological system that N ‐dealkylated the side chains. The biological pathway does not detoxify the herbicides because the metabolites are still phytotoxic, so it was proposed that the primary method for detoxifying s ‐triazines in the soil was through chemical hydrolysis 19, 20…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic and environmental implications of enhanceds-triazine degradation

et al. 2010

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environmental implications of enhanced s-triazine degradation" (2010 AbstractNovel catabolic pathways enabling rapid detoxification of s-triazine herbicides have been elucidated and detected at a growing number of locations. The genes responsible for s-triazine mineralization, i.e. atzABCDEF and trzNDF, occur in at least four bacterial phyla and are implicated in the development of enhanced degradation in agricultural soils from all continents except Antarctica. Enhanced degradation occurs in at least nine crops and six crop rotation systems that rely on s-triazine herbicides for weed control, and, with the exception of acidic soil conditions and s-triazine application frequency, adaptation of the microbial population is independent of soil physiochemical properties and cultural management practices. From an agronomic perspective, residual weed control could be reduced tenfold in s-triazine-adapted relative to non-adapted soils. From an environmental standpoint, the off-site loss of total s-triazine residues could be overestimated 13-fold in adapted soils if altered persistence estimates and metabolic pathways are not reflected in fate and transport models. Empirical models requiring soil pH and s-triazine use history as input parameters predict atrazine persistence more accurately than historical estimates, thereby allowing practitioners to adjust weed control strategies and model input values when warranted. Published

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic and environmental implications of enhanceds-triazine degradation

et al. 2010

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“…[20][21][22][23] It is also reported that simazine (Table II) and differs from dealkylated compounds (II). The deethylated atrazine (lIa) presents significant biological activity and it is regarded as a potential herbicide.…”

Section: S )mentioning

confidence: 87%

4-Amino-2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine: A New Metabolite of Atrazine by a Soil Bacterium

Giardina

Giardi

Filacchioni

1980

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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“…Determination of residues. Residues of atrazine and metabolites in soil, oats and timothy samples were determined as described earlier (Khan & Marriage, 1977).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chemical analyses of surface soil samples taken about 5 months after the last application showed low levels of atrazine residues. Khan & Marriage (1977) observed that atrazine and its metabolites persisted in an orchard soil for several years following nine consecutive annual applications at 4-5 kg/ha.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues of atrazine and its metabolites after prolonged usage

Khan

Saidak

1981

Weed Research

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Zusammenfassung: Atrazine was applied to a field planted to corn (Zea mays L.) for 20 consecutive years at rates ranging from 1.40 to 2.24 kg/ha. Analysis of soil samples taken 6 and 12 months after the final application showed the presence of residues of the parent compound and its mono dealkylated hydroxy analogues. Shoots and roots of oat (Avena saliva L.) plants grown in the field contained hydroxyatrazine (2‐hydroxy‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine) and one of its mono dealkylated analogues in the conjugated form. Oats and timothy (Phleum pralense L.) grown in treated soil in a growth cabinet showed similar results. The data suggest that long‐term annual applications of atrazine for weed control in corn result in the persistence of some of its degradation products, mainly hydroxylated analogues, in soil I year after the final herbicide application. It is conceivable that such residues may enter into the food crops planted in atrazine‐treated soil in the year or years following the cessation of a long‐term treatment.

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Residues of atrazine and its metabolites in an orchard soil and their uptake by oat plants

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Agronomic and environmental implications of enhanceds-triazine degradation

Agronomic and environmental implications of enhanceds-triazine degradation

4-Amino-2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine: A New Metabolite of Atrazine by a Soil Bacterium

Residues of atrazine and its metabolites after prolonged usage

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