Residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in organically-farmed vegetables

Zohair, Azza; Salim, Abou-Bakr; Soyibo, Adeola A.; Beck, Angus J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.012

Cited by 134 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An additional 292 peel concentration factors and 220 core concentrations factors for belowground edible vegetable concentration factors (a mixture of tubers and roots: carrots, radishes, and potatoes) for neutral organic chemicals for data entries that were not included in any of the previous figures are displayed in Figure 4 (right). Most of the "total," peel, and core data are from the same study [76]. On average, partitioning to the peel is approximately 7 times greater than partitioning to the core of the edible vegetable.…”

Section: Bgcfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the EqP model with the assumed 1.5% lipid equivalence assumption for the vegetable and the 2% organic carbon content for the soil overpredicts the median of "total" measured edible vegetable concentrations (variable lipid contents and organic carbon contents) by a factor of approximately 60. However, most of these data (>95%) are from a single field-based study [76] involving longterm "aged" chemical contamination rather than the shorter-term exposures commonly found in laboratory-based studies or in a sewage sludge-amended soil situation.…”

Section: Bgcfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of measured bioaccumulation data on terrestrial plants for organic chemicals: Metrics, variability, and the need for standardized measurement protocols

Doucette

Shunthirasingham

Dettenmaier³

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Quantifying the transfer of organic chemicals from the environment into terrestrial plants is essential for assessing human and ecological risks, using plants as environmental contamination biomonitors, and predicting phytoremediation effectiveness. Experimental data describing chemical uptake by plants are often expressed as ratios of chemical concentrations in the plant compartments of interest (e.g., leaves, shoots, roots, xylem sap) to those in the exposure medium (e.g., soil, soil porewater, hydroponic solution, air). These ratios are generally referred to as "bioconcentration factors" but have also been named for the specific plant compartment sampled, such as "root concentration factors," "leaf concentration factors," or "transpiration stream (xylem sap) concentrations factors." We reviewed over 350 articles to develop a database with 7049 entries of measured bioaccumulation data for 310 organic chemicals and 112 terrestrial plant species. Various experimental approaches have been used; therefore, interstudy comparisons and data-quality evaluations are difficult. Key exposure and plant growth conditions were often missing, and units were often unclear or not reported. The lack of comparable high-confidence data also limits model evaluation and development. Standard test protocols or, at a minimum, standard reporting guidelines for the measurement of plant uptake data are recommended to generate comparable, high-quality data that will improve mechanistic understanding of organic chemical uptake by plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:21-33. C 2017 SETAC

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Section: Bgcfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bgcfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of measured bioaccumulation data on terrestrial plants for organic chemicals: Metrics, variability, and the need for standardized measurement protocols

Doucette

Shunthirasingham

Dettenmaier³

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Tais substâncias apresentam alta toxicidade e estabilidade, bioacumulam-se no meio ambiente e estão presentes nos alimentos em baixos níveis (VOORSPOELS et al, 2008), porém suficientes para apresentarem efeitos tóxicos ao homem (ZOHAIR et al, 2006). A ingestão através dos alimentos é a principal forma da exposição humana, sendo os alimentos de origem animal os responsáveis por mais de 90% da ingestão diária de PCBs (BORDAJANDI et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Bifenilos policlorados em arroz e feijão do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2015

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“…Camargo and Toledo 4 found significant PAH levels in grapes, apples, pears, tomatoes, cabbages and lettuces grown in Brazilian rural areas nearby urban centers. Zohair et al 5 observed PAH-contaminated potatoes and carrots from plants grown in organic cultivation systems. Farhadian et al 6 studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk simulation of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sewage sludge used as fertilizers

Paraíba¹,

Queiroz²,

Souza³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho investigou a presença de 16 hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em lodo de esgoto e em solo com aplicação de lodo como fertilizante agrícola e simulou o risco de contaminação por HPAs a longo prazo. As amostras foram extraídas usando diclorometano e em seguida com n-hexano em banho ultrassônico. A limpeza do extrato foi feita em coluna de alumina. As quantificações dos HPAs foram obtidas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS/MS ion trap). Os resultados evidenciaram que HPAs encontrados em lodos de esgoto podem apresentar risco de contaminação de solos. As simulações das concentrações dos HPAs no solo por meio de modelos matemáticos foram utilizadas para indicar uma ordem de prioridade para monitoramento da qualidade do solo: fenantreno > criseno > benzo(k)fluoranteno > benzo(a)pireno > pireno > benzo(b)fluoranteno > benzo(g,h,i)perileno > indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pireno > fluoranteno > benzo(a)antraceno > dibenzo(a,h)antraceno > fluoreno > antraceno > naftaleno > acenafteno > acenaftileno.This work investigated the presence of PAH in sewage sludge and in soil with sewage sludge applied as agricultural fertilizer and simulated a long-term risk of soil contamination by PAH. The samples were extracted using dichloromethane and then with n-hexane in ultrasonic bath. The clean-up of the extract was done on a column containing alumina. The residual PAH were obtained using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (ion trap GC-MS/MS). The results evidenced that PAH concentration levels found in sewage sludge might raise potential contamination risks to the soil. Simulations of the concentrations of PAHs in soil, by mathematical modeling, allowed to indicate a priority order for monitoring soil quality in terms of these contaminants: phenanthrene > chrysene > benzo(k)fluoranthene > benzo(a)pyrene > pyrene > benzo(b)fluoranthene > benzo(g,h,i)perylene > indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene > fluoranthene > benzo(a)-anthracene > dibenzo(a,h)anthracene > fluorene > anthracene > naphthalene > acenaphthene > acenaphthylene. Keywords: sewage sludge, PAH, biosolid, ion trap GC-MS/MS, soil contamination IntroductionPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of non-polar hydrophobic organic compounds comprised of two or more fused aromatic rings.Due to their toxic, mutagenic, estrogenic, and/or carcinogenic properties, sixteen PAH compounds have been identified as pollutants by the US-EPA 1 and seven of them are considered carcinogenic. 2 For this reason, these organic pollutants are considered the most toxic to aquatic and terrestrial life and of high priority in environmental studies: acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d) Paraíba et al. 1157 Vol. 22, No. 6, 2011 grilled followed by flame-gas and oven grilled dishes. Kulhánek et al. 7 used models, statistical regressions and the PAH bioc...

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Residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in organically-farmed vegetables

Cited by 134 publications

References 18 publications

A review of measured bioaccumulation data on terrestrial plants for organic chemicals: Metrics, variability, and the need for standardized measurement protocols

A review of measured bioaccumulation data on terrestrial plants for organic chemicals: Metrics, variability, and the need for standardized measurement protocols

Bifenilos policlorados em arroz e feijão do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Risk simulation of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sewage sludge used as fertilizers

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